Konou A. A. auteur aut IRD Salou M. auteur aut IRD Vidal Nicole auteur aut IRD Kodah P. auteur aut IRD Kombate D. auteur aut IRD Kpanla P. auteur aut IRD Nabroulaba T. auteur aut IRD Nyametso D. auteur aut IRD Singo-Tokofai A. auteur aut IRD Pitche P. auteur aut IRD Delaporte Eric auteur aut IRD Prince-David M. auteur aut IRD Peeters Martine auteur aut IRD Dagnra A. Y. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Background: Access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in resource-limited countries has increased significantly but scaling-up ART into semi-rural and rural areas is more recent. Information on treatment outcome in such areas is still very limited notably due to additional difficulties to manage ART in these areas. Results: 387 HIV-1 infected adults (>= 18 years) were consecutively enrolled when attending healthcare services for their routine medical visit at 12 or 24 months on first-line ART in five HIV care centers (four semi-rural and one rural). Among them, 102 patients were on first-line ART for 12 +/- 2 months (M12) and 285 for 24 +/- 2 months (M24). Virological failure was observed in 70 (18.1 %) patients ranging from 13.9 to 31.6 % at M12 and from 8.1 to 22.4 % at M24 across the different sites. For 67/70 patients, sequencing was successful and drug resistance mutations were observed in 65 (97 %). The global prevalence of drug resistance in the study population was thus at least 16.8 % (65/387). Moreover, 32 (8.3 %) and 27 (6.9 %) patients were either on a completely ineffective ART regime or with only a single drug active. Several patients accumulated high numbers of mutations and developed also cross-resistance to abacavir, didanosine or the new NNRTI drugs like etravirine and rilpivirine. Conclusion: The observations on ART treatment outcome from ART clinics in semi-rural areas are close to previous observations in Lom the capital city suggesting that national ART-programme management plays a role in treatment outcome. specialized HIV Antiretroviral treatment Drug resistance Semi-rural Public health Togo Africa TOGO 052 050 12 38 [8 ] 2015 1742-6405 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065519 10.1186/s12981-015-0082-7 1742-6405 [F B010065519] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065519 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers17-10/010065519.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2016-01-14 2021-06-07 fdi:010065519 fre