Virological outcome among HIV-1 infected patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semi-rural HIV clinics in Togo Konou, A. A. Salou, M. /Vidal, Nicole Kodah, P. Kombate, D. Kpanla, P. Nabroulaba, T. Nyametso, D. Singo-Tokofai, A. Pitche, P. Delaporte, Eric Prince-David, M. /Peeters, Martine Dagnra, A. Y. HIV Antiretroviral treatment Drug resistance Semi-rural Public health Togo Africa Background: Access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in resource-limited countries has increased significantly but scaling-up ART into semi-rural and rural areas is more recent. Information on treatment outcome in such areas is still very limited notably due to additional difficulties to manage ART in these areas. Results: 387 HIV-1 infected adults (>= 18 years) were consecutively enrolled when attending healthcare services for their routine medical visit at 12 or 24 months on first-line ART in five HIV care centers (four semi-rural and one rural). Among them, 102 patients were on first-line ART for 12 +/- 2 months (M12) and 285 for 24 +/- 2 months (M24). Virological failure was observed in 70 (18.1 %) patients ranging from 13.9 to 31.6 % at M12 and from 8.1 to 22.4 % at M24 across the different sites. For 67/70 patients, sequencing was successful and drug resistance mutations were observed in 65 (97 %). The global prevalence of drug resistance in the study population was thus at least 16.8 % (65/387). Moreover, 32 (8.3 %) and 27 (6.9 %) patients were either on a completely ineffective ART regime or with only a single drug active. Several patients accumulated high numbers of mutations and developed also cross-resistance to abacavir, didanosine or the new NNRTI drugs like etravirine and rilpivirine. Conclusion: The observations on ART treatment outcome from ART clinics in semi-rural areas are close to previous observations in Lom the capital city suggesting that national ART-programme management plays a role in treatment outcome. 2015 text https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065519 fdi:010065519 Konou A. A., Salou M., Vidal Nicole, Kodah P., Kombate D., Kpanla P., Nabroulaba T., Nyametso D., Singo-Tokofai A., Pitche P., Delaporte Eric, Prince-David M., Peeters Martine, Dagnra A. Y.. Virological outcome among HIV-1 infected patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semi-rural HIV clinics in Togo. 2015, 12, 38 [8 ] EN TOGO