@article{fdi:010065455,
  title = {{F}irst determination of magma-derived gas emissions from {B}romo volcano, eastern {J}ava ({I}ndonesia)},
  author = {{A}iuppa, {A}. and {B}ani, {P}hilipson and {M}oussallam, {Y}. and {D}i {N}apoli, {R}. and {A}llard, {P}. and {G}unawan, {H}. and {H}endrasto, {M}. and {T}amburello, {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he composition and fluxes of volcanic gases released by persistent open-vent degassing at {B}romo {V}olcano, east {J}ava ({I}ndonesia), were characterised in {S}eptember 2014 from both in-situ {M}ulti-{GAS} analysis and remote spectroscopic (dual {UV} camera) measurements of volcanic plume emissions. {O}ur results demonstrate that {B}romo volcanic gas is water-rich ({H}2{O}/{SO}2 ratios of 56-160) and has {CO}2/{SO}2 (4.1 +/- 0.7) and {CO}2/{S}-tot (3.2 +/- 0.7) ratios within the compositional range of other high-temperature magma-derived gases in {I}ndonesia. {H}-2/{H}2{O} and {H}2{S}/{SO}2 ratios constrain a magmatic gas source with minimal temperature of 700 degrees {C} and oxygen fugacity of 10(-17)-10(-18) bars. {UV} camera sensing on {S}eptember 20 and 21, 2014 indicates a steady daily mean {SO}2 output of 166 +/- 38 t d(-1), which is ten times higher than reported from few previous studies. {O}ur results indicate that {B}romo ranks amongst the strongest sources of quiescent volcanic {SO}2 emission measured to date in {I}ndonesia, being comparable to {M}erapi volcano in central {J}ava. {B}y combining our results for the gas composition with the {SO}2 plume flux, we assess for the first time the fluxes of {H}2{O} (4725 +/- 2292 t d(-1)), {CO}2 (466 +/- 83 t d(-1)), {H}2{S} (25 +/- 12 t d(-1)) and {H}-2 (1.1 +/- 0.8) from {B}romo. {O}ur study thus contributes a new piece of information to the still limited data base for volcanic gas emissions in {I}ndonesia, and confirms that much remain to be done to fully assess the contribution of this very active arc region to global volcanic gas fluxes.},
  keywords = {{B}romo volcano ; {V}olcanic gases ; {SO}2 and {CO}2 fluxes ; {T}engger {C}aldera ; {E}astern {J}ava, {I}ndonesia ; {M}ulti-{GAS} ; {INDONESIE} ; {JAVA} ; {BROMO} {VOLCAN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {V}olcanology and {G}eothermal {R}esearch},
  volume = {304},
  numero = {},
  pages = {206--213},
  ISSN = {0377-0273},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.09.008},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065455},
}