Evaluation of the preclinical efficacy of four antivenoms, distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, to neutralize the venom of the carpet viper, Echis ocellatus, from Mali, Cameroon, and Nigeria

Evaluation of the preclinical efficacy of four antivenoms, distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, to neutralize the venom of the carpet viper, Echis ocellatus, from Mali, Cameroon, and Nigeria Sanchez L. V. auteur aut IRD Pla D. auteur aut IRD Herrera M. auteur aut IRD Chippaux Jean-Philippe auteur aut IRD Calvete J. J. auteur aut IRD Gutierrez J. M. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf born digital access Snakebite envenoming causes a heavy toll in sub-Saharan Africa in terms of mortality and sequelae. In the West African savannah, the viperid Echis ocellatus is responsible for the vast majority of bites. In the last decades, several new antivenoms have been introduced for the treatment of these envenomings, although the assessment of their preclinical efficacy against the venom of E. ocellatus has been studied only for some of them. This work analyzed comparatively the ability of four antivenoms (FAV Afrique, EchiTAb G, EchiTAB-Plus-ICP (R), and Inoserp (TM) Panafricain) to neutralize lethal, hemorrhagic, and in vitro coagulant activities of the venoms of E. ocellatus from Mali, Cameroon, and Nigeria. In addition, an immunoaffinity chromatography antivenomic protocol was used to assess the ability of the four antivenoms to bind to the proteins of these venoms. Results showed that all the antivenoms were effective in the neutralization of the three effects investigated, and were able to immunocapture, completely or partially, the most abundant components in the E. ocellatus venoms from the geographical origins sampled. Our observations also highlighted quantitative differences between antivenoms in their neutralizing and antivenomics profiles, especially regarding neutralization of in vitro coagulant activity, suggesting that different doses of these antivenoms are probably needed for an effective treatment of human envenomings by this species. specialized Echis ocellatus Antivenom Hemorrhage Lethality Procoagulant effect Neutralization Antivenomics MALI CAMEROUN NIGERIA 050 Toxicon 106 97-107 2015 0041-0101 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065435 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.027 0041-0101 [F B010065435] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065435 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2015/11/010065435.pdf Accès réservé (Intranet de l'IRD) IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2015-12-04 2017-08-23 fdi:010065435 fre