Assogba B. S. auteur aut IRD Djogbenou L. S. auteur aut IRD Milesi P. auteur aut IRD Berthomieu A. auteur aut IRD Perez J. auteur aut IRD Ayala Diego auteur aut IRD Chandre Fabrice auteur aut IRD Makoutode M. auteur aut IRD Labbe P. auteur aut IRD Weill M. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Widespread resistance to pyrethroids threatens malaria control in Africa. Consequently, several countries switched to carbamates and organophophates insecticides for indoor residual spraying. However, a mutation in the ace-1 gene conferring resistance to these compounds (ace-1(R) allele), is already present. Furthermore, a duplicated allele (ace-1(D)) recently appeared; characterizing its selective advantage is mandatory to evaluate the threat. Our data revealed that a unique duplication event, pairing a susceptible and a resistant copy of the ace-1 gene spread through West Africa. Further investigations revealed that, while ace-1(D) confers less resistance than ace-1(R), the high fitness cost associated with ace-1(R) is almost completely suppressed by the duplication for all traits studied. ace-1 duplication thus represents a permanent heterozygote phenotype, selected, and thus spreading, due to the mosaic nature of mosquito control. It provides malaria mosquito with a new evolutionary path that could hamper resistance management. specialized AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE 052 5 art. 14529 [12 p.] 2015 2045-2322 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065360 10.1038/srep14529 2045-2322 [F B010065360] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065360 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers17-10/010065360.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2015-11-06 2018-12-07 fdi:010065360 fre