@article{fdi:010065354,
  title = {{I}dentification of chemical constituents of {Z}anthoxylum heitzii stem bark and their insecticidal activity against the malaria mosquito {A}nopheles gambiae},
  author = {{M}oussavi, {N}. and {M}alterud, {K}. {E}. and {M}ikolo, {B}. and {D}awes, {D}. and {C}handre, {F}abrice and {C}orbel, {V}incent and {M}assamba, {D}. and {O}vergaard, {H}. {J}. and {W}angensteen, {H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {Z}anthoxylum heitzii bark extracts have insecticidal properties and have been reported to be used against malaria in {W}estern {A}frica. {P}reviously, it has been shown that a hexane extract of the bark is toxic to adult females of the mosquito {A}nopheles gambiae, a malaria vector. {A}s part of our project on the control of malaria vectors using plant extracts, the phytochemistry of {Z}. heitzii bark hexane extract has been investigated with the aim to identify the major components with adulticidal and larvicidal effects on {A}n. gambiae. {M}ethods: {Z}. heitzii stem bark was extracted with hexane, and the extract was fractionated to isolate major components from the bark, identified by {NMR} spectroscopy. {I}solated compounds were tested for toxicity towards adult female {A}n. gambiae mosquitoes and for larvicidal effects towards {A}n. gambiae. {R}esults: {T}he alkaloid dihydronitidine, the sesquiterpenoid caryophyllene oxide, the amide pellitorine and the lignan sesamin were identified as the major constituents in {Z}. heitzii bark. {P}ellitorine was toxic to both adult insects ({LD}50 50 ng/mg insect) and larvae ({LD}50 13 mu g/ml). {N}one of the other compounds were toxic to adults, but caryophyllene oxide and sesamin exhibited moderate larvicidal effects ({LD}50 > 150 mu g/ml). {A} mixture of the four compounds in the same ratio as in the hexane extract showed higher toxicity ({LD}50 34 ng/mg insect) towards adult insects than the pure compounds. {C}onclusion: {T}he toxicity of {Z}. heitzii bark hexane extract to {A}n. gambiae is mostly due to pellitorine, although interactions between pellitorine and other, inactive constituents may enhance the activity of the extract.},
  keywords = {{Z}anthoxylum heitzii ; {A}nopheles gambiae ; {P}ellitorine ; {M}alaria ; {I}nsecticide ; {KENYA} ; {CONGO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}arasites and {V}ectors},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 503 [8 p.]},
  ISSN = {1756-3305},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1186/s13071-015-1113-x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065354},
}