@article{fdi:010065111,
  title = {{T}he informal economy worldwide : trends and characteristics},
  author = {{C}harmes, {J}acques},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}t has now been more than 40 years since the first attempts of defining and data collection on informal sector and informal employment on a large scale were launched in the early 1970s. {M}any debates paved the way for the international definition of the informal sector in 1993 and informal employment in 2003. {T}he informal economy is finally a means for conciliating the two concepts and since the mid-1970s, national estimates of size (employment) and contribution (share of gross domestic product [{GDP}]) of the informal sector, and later on of the informal economy (and of its two major components: informal sector and employment outside the informal sector), have regularly been attempted and gathered on a large scale. {T}his article is the most recent synthesis of these works. {I}t is based on the recent compilations by the {B}ureau of {S}tatistics of the {I}nternational {L}abour {O}rganization ({ILO}) and the {N}ational {A}ccounts {S}ection of the {U}nited {N}ations ({UN}) {S}tatistics {D}ivision as well as on original national data. {E}mployment in the informal economy is revealed to be as high as 58-70 per cent of non-agricultural employment at regional level (the informal sector representing from 50 per cent to 80 per cent of the informal economy) and the informal sectors contribution to non-agricultural {GDP} is from 25 per cent up to 50 per cent.},
  keywords = {{SECTEUR} {INFORMEL} ; {TRAVAIL} {AU} {NOIR} ; {TRAVAIL} {FANTOME} ; {DONNEES} {STATISTIQUES} ; {ANALYSE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {ANALYSE} {ECONOMIQUE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {COLLECTE} {DE} {DONNEES} ; {TRAVAIL} {DES} {FEMMES} ; {DIVISION} {SEXUELLE} {DES} {TACHES} ; {TRAVAILLEUR} {AGRICOLE} ; {INDUSTRIE} ; {PIB} ; {MARCHE} {DU} {TRAVAIL} ; {EMPLOI} {INFORMEL} ; {MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}argin : {T}he {J}ournal of {A}pplied {E}conomic {R}esearch},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {103--132},
  ISSN = {0973-8010},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1177/097380101200600202},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065111},
}