Chest low-dose computed tomography for early lung cancer diagnosis as an opportunity to diagnose vertebral fractures in HIV-infected smokers, an ANRS EP48 HIV CHEST substudy Thouvenin, Y. Makinson, A. /Cournil, Amandine /Eymard-Duvernay, Sabrina Lentz, P. Delemazure, A. S. Corneloup, O. Fabre, S. /Quesnoy, Mylène Poire, S. Brillet, P. Y. Cyteval, C. Reynes, J. Le Moing, V. HIV vertebral fracture osteoporosis computed tomography smoking lung cancer Background:To estimate the prevalence of vertebral fractures on chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in HIV-infected smokers.Methods:Cross-sectional study of vertebral fractures visualized on chest LDCT from a multicenter prospective cohort evaluating feasibility of chest LDCT for early lung cancer diagnosis in HIV-infected subjects. Subjects were included if 40 years or older, had been active smokers within the last 3 years of at least 20 pack-years, and had a CD4 T-lymphocyte nadir cell count <350 per microliter and an actual CD4 T-cell count >100 cells per microliter. Spinal reconstructed sagittal planes obtained from chest axial native acquisitions were blindly read by a musculoskeletal imaging specialist. Assessment of the fractured vertebra used Genant semiquantitative method. The study end point was the prevalence of at least 1 vertebral fracture.Results:Three hundred ninety-seven subjects were included. Median age was 49.5 years, median smoking history was 30 pack-years, median last CD4 count was 584 cells per microliter, and median CD4 nadir count was 168 cells per microliter; 90% of subjects had a viral load below 50 copies per milliliter. At least 1 fracture was visible in 46 (11.6%) subjects. In multivariate analysis, smoking 40 packs-years [OR = 2.5; 95% CI: (1.2 to 5.0)] was associated with an increased risk of vertebral fracture, while HIV viral load <200 copies per milliliter [OR = 0.3; 95% CI: (0.1 to 0.9)] was protective.Conclusions:Prevalence of vertebral fractures on chest LDCT was 11.6% in this high-risk population. Smoking cessation and early introduction of antiretroviral therapy for prevention of vertebral fractures could be beneficial. Chest LDCT is an opportunity to diagnose vertebral fractures. 2015 text https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064765 fdi:010064765 Thouvenin Y., Makinson A., Cournil Amandine, Eymard-Duvernay Sabrina, Lentz P., Delemazure A. S., Corneloup O., Fabre S., Quesnoy Mylène, Poire S., Brillet P. Y., Cyteval C., Reynes J., Le Moing V.. Chest low-dose computed tomography for early lung cancer diagnosis as an opportunity to diagnose vertebral fractures in HIV-infected smokers, an ANRS EP48 HIV CHEST substudy. 2015, 69 (3), 299-305 EN