Tabbabi A. auteur aut IRD Boussès Philippe auteur aut IRD Rhim A. auteur aut IRD Brengues Cécile auteur aut IRD Daaboub J. auteur aut IRD Ben-Alaya-Bouafif N. auteur aut IRD Fontenille Didier auteur aut IRD Bouratbine A. auteur aut IRD Simard Frédéric auteur aut IRD Aoun K. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access In Tunisia, malaria transmission has been interrupted since 1980. However, the growing number of imported cases and the persistence of putative vectors stress the need for additional studies to assess the risk of malaria resurgence in the country. In this context, our aim was to update entomological data concerning Anopheles mosquitoes in Tunisia. From May to October of 2012, mosquito larval specimens were captured in 60 breeding sites throughout the country and identified at the species level using morphological keys. Environmental parameters of the larval habitats were recorded. Specimens belonging to the An. maculipennis complex were further identified to sibling species by the ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA)-internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. In total, 647 Anopheles larvae were collected from 25 habitats. Four species, including An. labranchiae, An. multicolor, An. sergentii, and An. algeriensis, were morphologically identified. rDNA-ITS2 PCR confirmed that An. labranchiae is the sole member of the An. maculipennis complex in Tunisia. An. labranchiae was collected throughout northern and central Tunisia, and it was highly associated with rural habitat, clear water, and sunlight areas. Larvae of An. multicolor and An. sergentii existed separately or together and were collected in southern Tunisia in similar types of breeding places. specialized TUNISIE 052 92 3 653-659 2015 0002-9637 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063992 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0513 0002-9637 [F B010063992] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063992 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers20-08/010063992.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2015-05-04 2020-09-17 fdi:010063992 fre