@article{fdi:010063655,
  title = {{I}nsecticidal activities of bark, leaf and seed extracts of {Z}anthoxylum heitzii against the african malaria vector {A}nopheles gambiae},
  author = {{O}vergaard, {H}. {J}. and {S}irisopa, {P}. and {M}ikolo, {B}. and {M}alterud, {K}. {E}. and {W}angensteen, {H}. and {Z}ou, {Y}. {F}. and {P}aulsen, {B}. {S}. and {M}assamba, {D}. and {D}uchon, {S}t{\'e}phane and {C}orbel, {V}incent and {C}handre, {F}abrice},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he olon tree, {Z}anthoxylum heitzii (syn. {F}agara heitzii) is commonly found in the central-west {A}frican forests. {I}n the {R}epublic of {C}ongo ({C}ongo-{B}razzaville) its bark is anecdotally reported to provide human protection against fleas. {H}ere we assess the insecticidal activities of {Z}. heitzii stem bark, seed and leaf extracts against {A}nopheles gambiae s.s, the main malaria vector in {A}frica. {E}xtracts were obtained by {A}ccelerated {S}olvent {E}xtraction ({ASE}) using solvents of different polarity and by classical {S}oxhlet extraction using hexane as solvent. {T}he insecticidal effects of the crude extracts were evaluated using topical applications of insecticides on mosquitoes of a susceptible reference strain ({K}isumu [{K}is]), a strain homozygous for the {L}1014{F} kdr mutation (kdr{K}is), and a strain homozygous for the {G}119{S} {A}ce1{R} allele ({A}cer{K}is). {T}he insecticidal activities were measured using {LD}50 and {LD}95 and active extracts were characterized by {NMR} spectroscopy and {HPLC} chromatography. {R}esults show that the {ASE} hexane stem bark extract was the most effective compound against {A}n. gambiae ({LD}50 = 102 ng/mg female), but was not as effective as common synthetic insecticides. {O}verall, there was no significant difference between the responses of the three mosquito strains to {Z}. heitzii extracts, indicating no cross resistance with conventional pesticides.},
  keywords = {{Z}anthoxylum heitzii ; {A}nopheles ; malaria ; bark extract ; insecticide ; {CONGO} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}olecules},
  volume = {19},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {21276--21290},
  ISSN = {1420-3049},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.3390/molecules191221276},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063655},
}