@article{fdi:010062661,
  title = {{A} 3-{D} thermal regime model suitable for cold accumulation zones of polythermal mountain glaciers},
  author = {{G}ilbert, {A}. and {G}agliardini, {O}. and {V}incent, {C}. and {W}agnon, {P}atrick},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}nalysis of the thermal and mechanical response of high altitude glaciers to climate change is crucial to assess future glacier hazards associated with thermal regime changes. {T}his paper presents a new fully thermo-mechanically coupled transient thermal regime model including enthalpy transport, firn densification, full-{S}tokes porous flow, free surface evolution, strain heating, surface meltwater percolation, and refreezing. {T}he model is forced by daily air temperature data and can therefore be used to perform prognostic simulations for different future climate scenarios. {T}he set of equations is solved using the finite element ice sheet/ice flow model {E}lmer/{I}ce. {T}his model is applied to the {C}ol du {D}ome glacier ({M}ont {B}lanc area, 4250ma.s.l., {F}rance) where a comprehensive data set is available. {T}he results show that the model is capable of reproducing observed density and velocity fields as well as borehole temperature evolution. {T}he strong spatial variability of englacial temperature change observed at {C}ol du {D}ome is well reproduced. {T}his spatial variability is mainly a result of the variability of the slope aspect of the glacier surface and snow accumulation. {R}esults support the use of this model to study the influence of climate change on cold accumulation zones, in particular to estimate where and under what conditions glaciers will become temperate in the future.},
  keywords = {cold glacier ; thermal regime ; glacier thermo-mechanical modeling ; firn ; rheology ; climate change ; {FRANCE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch : {E}arth {S}urface},
  volume = {119},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {1876--1893},
  ISSN = {2169-9003},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1002/2014jf003199},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062661},
}