@article{fdi:010062525,
  title = {{L}inkages between common wheat yields and climate in {M}orocco (1982-2008)},
  author = {{J}arlan, {L}ionel and {A}baoui, {J}. and {D}uchemin, {B}eno{\^i}t and {O}uldbba, {A}. and {T}ourre, {Y}. {M}. and {K}habba, {S}. and {L}e {P}age, {M}. and {B}alaghi, {R}. and {M}okssit, {A}. and {C}hehbouni, {A}bdelghani},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {M}orocco, wheat production shows a high inter-annual variability due to uncertain rainfall. {I}n view of the importance of this resource to the country's economy, it is important to gain a better understanding of the natural large-scale climate oscillation governing this variability. {I}n this study, we analyzed de-trended (1) time series of common wheat yields (1983-2008) from 11 agricultural provinces that account for 80 % of national wheat production; (2) monthly rainfall and 10-day temperature from ten meteorological stations; (3) 10-day normalized difference vegetation index ({NDVI}) from the {AVHRR} sensor; (4) monthly atmospheric climate indices [{N}orth {A}tlantic {O}scillation ({NAO}) and {S}candinavian {P}attern ({SCA})] and monthly 500 h{P}a geopotentials fields; and (5) monthly sea surface temperature ({SST}) fields and indices ({NIAO}3, {T}ropical {N}orth {A}tlantic and {T}ropical {S}outh {A}tlantic). {T}he relationship between rainfall and temperature during tillering in early winter and grain filling in early spring and wheat yields already observed at the plot scale was also found to be significant at the provincial scale. {T}he linkages between wheat yields and large scale climate have been analyzed for the first time over {M}orocco. {I}n agreement with previous studies, results show a complex and competing influence of different climate phenomena. {T}he {NAO} is found to be significantly related to yields during the early stage of wheat growth in {D}ecember, whereas the {SCA} correlates with yields later in the season, in {J}anuary and {F}ebruary. {I}nteresting lagged correlations with higher lead time are also highlighted, with the leading modes of {SST} variability in the equatorial {A}tlantic during {O}ctober (the "{A}tlantic {N}io" mode) and in the {N}orth {A}tlantic (the "{A}tlantic tripole" mode) in {F}ebruary. {O}ur conclusion is that regional climate indices and variables represent valuable information with which to increase lead time and skill regarding wheat yield predictions in {M}orocco.},
  keywords = {{W}heat yield ; {L}arge scale-climate ; {NDVI} ; {N}orth {A}tlantic {O}scillation ; {MAROC}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nternational {J}ournal of {B}iometeorology},
  volume = {58},
  numero = {7},
  pages = {1489--1502},
  ISSN = {0020-7128},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00484-013-0753-9},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062525},
}