@article{fdi:010062277,
  title = {{H}ow the malaria vector {A}nopheles gambiae adapts to the use of insecticide-treated nets by {A}frican populations [article r{\'e}tract{\'e}]},
  author = {{N}diath, {M}. {O}. and {M}azenot, {C}. and {S}okhna, {C}heikh and {T}rape, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {I}nsecticide treated bed nets have been recommended and proven efficient as a measure to protect {A}frican populations from malaria mosquito vector {A}nopheles spp. {T}his study evaluates the consequences of bed nets use on vectors resistance to insecticides, their feeding behavior and malaria transmission in {D}ielmo village, {S}enegal, were {LLIN}s were offered to all villagers in {J}uly 2008. {M}ethods: {A}dult mosquitoes were collected monthly from {J}anuary 2006 to {D}ecember 2011 by human landing catches ({HLC}) and by pyrethroid spray catches ({PCS}). {A} randomly selected sub-sample of 15-20% of {A}n. gambiae s.l. collected each month was used to investigate the molecular forms of the {A}n. gambiae complex, kdr mutations, and {P}lasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite ({CSP}) rate. {M}alaria prevalence and gametocytaemia in {D}ielmo villagers were measured quarterly. {R}esults: {I}nsecticide susceptible mosquitoes (wild kdr genotype) presented a reduced lifespan after {LLIN}s implementation but they rapidly adapted their feeding behavior, becoming more exophageous and zoophilic, and biting earlier during the night. {I}n the meantime, insecticide-resistant specimens (kdr {L}1014{F} genotype) increased in frequency in the population, with an unchanged lifespan and feeding behaviour. {P}. falciparum prevalence and gametocyte rate in villagers decreased dramatically after {LLIN}s deployment. {M}alaria infection rate tended to zero in susceptible mosquitoes whereas the infection rate increased markedly in the kdr homozygote mosquitoes. {C}onclusion: {D}ramatic changes in vector populations and their behavior occurred after the deployment of {LLIN}s due to the extraordinary adaptative skills of {A}n. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes. {H}owever, despite the increasing proportion of insecticide resistant mosquitoes and their almost exclusive responsibility in malaria transmission, the {P}. falciparum gametocyte reservoir continued to decrease three years after the deployment of {LLIN}s.},
  keywords = {{SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {e97700 [+ r{\'e}tractation : 2016, 11, 5, e0156196, 1 ]},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0097700},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062277},
}