@article{fdi:010062229,
  title = {{T}he rise and fall of malaria in a west {A}frican rural community, {D}ielmo, {S}enegal, from 1990 to 2012 : a 22 year longitudinal study},
  author = {{T}rape, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {T}all, {A}. and {S}okhna, {C}heikh and {L}y, {A}. {B}. and {D}iagne, {N}. and {N}diath, {O}. and {M}azenot, {C}. and {R}ichard, {V}. and {B}adiane, {A}. and {D}ieye-{B}a, {F}. and {F}aye, {J}. and {N}diaye, {G}. and {S}arr, {F}. {D}. and {R}oucher, {C}l{\'e}mentine and {B}ouganali, {C}. and {B}assene, {H}. and {T}oure-{B}alde, {A}. and {R}oussilhon, {C}. and {P}erraut, {R}. and {S}piegel, {A}. and {S}arthou, {J}. {L}. and da {S}ilva, {L}. {P}. and {M}ercereau-{P}uijalon, {O}. and {D}ruilhe, {P}. and {R}ogier, {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {A} better understanding of the effect of malaria control interventions on vector and parasite populations, acquired immunity, and burden of the disease is needed to guide strategies to eliminate malaria from highly endemic areas. {W}e monitored and analysed the changes in malaria epidemiology in a village community in {S}enegal, west {A}frica, over 22 years. {M}ethods {B}etween 1990 and 2012, we did a prospective longitudinal study of the inhabitants of {D}ielmo, {S}enegal, to identify all episodes of fever and investigate the relation between malaria host, vector, and parasite. {O}ur study induded daily medical surveillance with systematic parasite detection in individuals with fever. {W}e measured parasite prevalence four times a year with cross-sectional surveys. {W}e monitored malaria transmission monthly with night collection of mosquitoes. {M}alaria treatment changed over the years, from quinine (1990-94), to chloroquine (1995-2003), amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (2003-06), and finally artesunate plus amodiaquine (2006-12). {I}nsecticide-treated nets ({ITN}s) were introduced in 2008. {F}indings {W}e monitored 776 villagers aged 0-101 years for 2 378 150 person-days of follow-up. {E}ntomological inoculation rate ranged from 142.5 infected bites per person per year in 1990 to 482.6 in 2000, and 7.6 in 2012. {P}arasite prevalence in children declined from 87% in 1990 to 0.3 % in 2012. {I}n adults, it declined from 58% to 0.3%. {W}e recorded 23 546 fever episodes during the study, including 8243 clinical attacks caused by {P}lasmodium falciparum, 290 by {P}lasmodium malariae, and 219 by {P}lasmodium ovale. {T}hree deaths were directly attributable to malaria, and two to severe adverse events of antimalarial drugs. {T}he incidence of malaria attacks ranged from 1.50 attacks per person-year in 1990 to 2.63 in 2000, and to only 0.046 in 2012. {T}he greatest changes were associated with the replacement of chloroquine and the introduction of {ITN}s. {I}nterpretation {M}alaria control policies combining prompt treatment of clinical attacks and deployment of {ITN}s can nearly eliminate parasite carriage and greatly reduce the burden of malaria in populations exposed to intense perennial malaria transmission. {T}he choice of drugs seems crucial. {R}apid decline of clinical immunity allows rapid detection and treatment of novel infections and thus has a key role in sustaining effectiveness of combining artemisinin-based combination therapy and {ITN}s despite increasing pyrethroid resistance.},
  keywords = {{SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{L}ancet {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {14},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {476--488},
  ISSN = {1473-3099},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70712-1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062229},
}