@article{fdi:010061776,
  title = {{F}ield efficacy of vectobac {GR} as a mosquito larvicide for the control of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes in natural habitats in {B}enin, {W}est {A}frica},
  author = {{D}jenontin, {A}. and {P}ennetier, {C}{\'e}dric and {Z}ogo, {B}. and {S}oukou, {K}. {B}. and {O}le-{S}angba, {M}. and {A}kogbeto, {M}. and {C}handre, {F}abrice and {Y}adav, {R}. and {C}orbel, {V}incent},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}ntroduction: {T}he efficacy of {V}ectobac {GR} (potency 200 {ITU}/mg), a new formulation of bacterial larvicide {B}acillus thuringiensis var. israelensis {S}train {AM}65-52, was evaluated against {A}nopheles gambiae and {C}ulex quinquefasciatus in simulated field and natural habitats in {B}enin. {M}ethods: {I}n simulated field conditions, {V}ectobac {GR} formulation was tested at 3 dosages (0.6, 0.9, 1.2 g granules/m(2) against {A}n. gambiae and 1, 1.5, 2 g granules/m(2) against {C}x. quinquefasciatus) according to manufacturer's product label recommendations. {T}he dosage giving optimum efficacy under simulated field conditions were evaluated in the field. {T}he efficacy of {V}ectobac {GR} in terms of emergence inhibition in simulated field conditions and of reduction of larval and pupal densities in rice fields and urban cesspits was measured following {WHO} guidelines for testing and evaluation of mosquito larvicides. {R}esults: {V}ectobac {GR} caused emergence inhibition of >= 80% until 21 [20-22] days for {A}n. gambiae at 1.2 g/m(2) dose and 28 [27-29] days for {C}x. quinquefasciatus at 2 g/m(2) in simulated field habitats. {T}he efficacy of {V}ectobac {GR} in natural habitats was for 2 to 3 days against larvae and up to 10 days against pupae. {C}onclusions: {T}reatment with {V}ectobac {GR} caused complete control of immature mosquito within 2-3 days but did not show prolonged residual action. {L}arviciding can be an option for malaria and filariasis vector control particularly in managing pyrethroid-resistance in {A}frican malaria vectors. {S}ince use of larvicides among several {A}frican countries is being emphasized through {E}conomic {C}ommunity of {W}est {A}frica {S}tates, their epidemiological impact should be carefully investigated.},
  keywords = {{BENIN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {e87934},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0087934},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061776},
}