@article{fdi:010061617,
  title = {{E}vidence from {C}ameroon reveals differences in the genetic structure and histories of chimpanzee populations},
  author = {{G}onder, {M}.{K}. and {L}ocatelli, {S}abrina and {G}hobrial, {L}. and {M}itchell, {M}.{W}. and {K}ujawski, {J}.{T}. and {L}ankester, {F}. and {S}tewart, {C}.{B}. and {T}ishkoff, {S}.{A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he history of the genus {P}an is a topic of enduring interest. {C}himpanzees ({P}an troglodytes) are often divided into subspecies, but the population structure and genetic history of chimpanzees across {A}frica remain unclear. {S}ome population genetics studies have led to speculation that, until recently, this species constituted a single population with ongoing gene flow across its range, which resulted in a continuous gradient of allele frequencies. {C}himpanzees, designated here as {P}. t. ellioti, occupy the {G}ulf of {G}uinea region that spans southern {N}igeria and western {C}ameroon at the center of the distribution of this species. {R}emarkably, few studies have included individuals from this region, hindering the examination of chimpanzee population structure across {A}frica. {H}ere, we analyzed microsatellite genotypes of 94 chimpanzees, including 32 designated as {P}. t. ellioti. {W}e find that chimpanzees fall into three major populations: (i) {U}pper {G}uinea in western {A}frica ({P}. t. verus); (ii) the {G}ulf of {G}uinea region ({P}. t. ellioti); and (iii) equatorial {A}frica ({P}. t. troglodytes and {P}. t. schweinfurthii). {I}mportantly, the {G}ulf of {G}uinea population is significantly different genetically from the others, sharing a last common ancestor with the populations in {U}pper {G}uinea similar to 0.46 million years ago (mya) and equatorial {A}frica similar to 0.32 mya. {E}quatorial chimpanzees are subdivided into up to three populations occupying southern {C}ameroon, central {A}frica, and eastern {A}frica, which may have constituted a single population until similar to 0.10-0.11 mya. {F}inally, occasional hybridization may be occurring between the {G}ulf of {G}uinea and southern {C}ameroon populations},
  keywords = {{PRIMATE} ; {SIDA} ; {STRUCTURE} {DE} {POPULATION} ; {STRUCTURE} {GENETIQUE} ; {PHYLOGENIE} ; {MICROSATELLITE} ; {CAMEROUN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {108},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {4766--4771},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.1015422108},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061617},
}