@article{fdi:010061352,
  title = {{H}igh frequency of {HIV}-1 infections with multiple {HIV}-1 strains in men having sex with men ({MSM}) in {S}enegal},
  author = {{L}eye, {N}. and {V}idal, {N}icole and {N}diaye, {O}. and {D}iop-{N}diaye, {H}. and {W}ade, {A}. {S}. and {M}boup, {S}. and {D}elaporte, {E}ric and {T}oure-{K}ane, {C}. and {P}eeters, {M}artine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}irculating and unique recombinant {HIV}-1 strains continue to be identified and their number increases over time, suggesting that co-infection with multiple {HIV}-1 is frequent. {I}n this study we analyzed to what extent dual infections with different {HIV}-1 variants occur in a population group with high risk behaviour, high {HIV}-1 prevalence and in an area where multiple {HIV}-1 subtypes and {C}irculating {R}ecombinant {F}orms ({CRF}s) co-circulate. {W}e studied 69 {MSM} with our recently developed multi-region hybridization assay ({MHA}), based on fluorescent probe detection for eight common variants circulating in {W}est and {W}est {C}entral {A}frica. {A}t least 11 (15.9%) of the 69 patients were simultaneously infected with two different {HIV}-1 subtypes and/or {CRF}s. {A}mong the 29 samples identified as subtype {C} by {MHA} in gag, 15 (57.7%) reacted with both {C}1 and {C}2 probes. {S}equence analysis suggests that the majority of the samples reactive with {C}1 and {C}2 probes are most likely infected with two different subtype {C} clades. {S}ingle genome amplification and {DNA} dilutions confirmed dual infection with subtype {D} and {C} for {MSM}1193, triple infection with two different {C} subtype strains and one {CRF}02_{AG} strain in {MSM}1157 and showed that {MSM}3017 is at least co-infected with {CRF}06_cpx and {CRF}02_{AG} and another strain that could not be classified. {C}omparison of all subtype {C} sequences from the {MSM} population and from the general population from this and previous studies confirmed the intermixing of {HIV}-1 variants between low-risk women and high-risk men as shown by the intermixing of subtype {C} variants from {MSM}1157 and a female patient (02{SN}-{HALD}478). {C}omparison of dual infection rates between the general population and {MSM} in {S}enegal, show also clearly the importance of high {HIV} prevalence and high risk behavior in dual infections and subsequent intermixing of {HIV}-1 variants which can lead to emergence and spread of new recombinants ({CRF}s).},
  keywords = {{HIV}-1 ; {S}ubtype ; {R}ecombinant ; {D}ual infections ; {MSM} ; {S}enegal ; {SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nfection {G}enetics and {E}volution},
  volume = {20},
  numero = {},
  pages = {206--214},
  ISSN = {1567-1348},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.meegid.2013.09.002},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061352},
}