Dethoua M. auteur aut IRD Nzoumbou-Boko R. auteur aut IRD Truc Philippe auteur aut IRD Daulouède S. auteur aut IRD Courtois P. auteur aut IRD Bucheton Bruno auteur aut IRD Cuny Gérard auteur aut IRD Semballa S. auteur aut IRD Vincendeau P. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Trypanosomes from animals are potential pathogens for humans. Several human cases infected by Try-panosoma lewisi, a parasite of rats, have been reported. The number of these infections is possibly underestimated. Some infections were self-cured, others required treatment with drugs used in human African trypanosomosis. An in vitro evaluation of these drugs and fexinidazole, a new oral drug candidate, has been performed against T. lewisi in comparison with T. brucei gambiense. All have comparable activities against the two parasites. Suramin was not effective. In vivo, drugs were tested in rats immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide. The best efficacy was obtained for fexinidazole, and pentamidine (15 mg/kg): rats were cured in 7 and 10 days respectively. Rats receiving nifurtimoxeflornithine combination therapy (NECT) or pentamidine (4 mg/kg) were cured after 28 days, while melarsoprol was weakly active. The identification of efficient drugs with reduced toxicity will help in the management of new cases of atypical trypanosomosis. specialized Trypanosome Trypanosoma lewisi Trypanocidal drugs Fexinidazole Atypical trypanosomiasis AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE 052 050 20 39 2013 1252-607X https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061225 10.1051/parasite/2013038 1252-607X [F B010061225] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061225 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers17-10/010061225.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2013-12-02 2017-10-31 fdi:010061225 fre