@article{fdi:010060889,
  title = {{R}esistance to {DDT} in an urban setting : common mechanisms implicated in both {M} and {S} forms of {A}nopheles gambiae in the city of {Y}aounde {C}ameroon},
  author = {{T}ene, {B}. {F}. and {P}oupardin, {R}. and {C}ostantini, {C}arlo and {A}wono-{A}mbene, {P}. and {W}ondji, {C}. {S}. and {R}anson, {H}. and {A}ntonio-{N}kondjio, {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {I}n the city of {Y}aounde in {C}ameroon malaria is predominately transmitted by the {M} and {S} molecular forms of {A}nopheles gambiae and both are resistant to the pyrethroid insecticides and {DDT}. {M}utations in the target site of these insecticides, present at a high frequency in malaria vectors in this city, contribute to this resistance profile. {T}o identify additional resistance mechanisms, the expression profile of multiple {DDT}-resistant field populations of {M} and {S} molecular forms was compared to laboratory-susceptible populations. {M}ethodology/{P}rincipal findings: {T}he prevalence of {DDT} resistance was highest in the {S} form population originating from the cultivated site of {N}kolondom (mortality after {WHO} bioassay = 4%). {A} high prevalence of {DDT} resistance was also found in two urban {M} form populations, {M}essa from a pristine unpolluted environment ({DDT} mortality = 54%), and {G}are, where the breeding sites are heavily polluted with organic matter ({DDT} mortality = 38%). {M}icroarray analysis showed that several transcripts coding for detoxification enzymes ({P}450s, {GST}s and {UDPGT}s) and {ABC} transporters were upregulated in the three populations. {D}espite the presence of multiple detoxification genes over expressed in the {DDT}-resistant subset of these field populations, only three were commonly over expressed in resistant populations from all three environments. {T}wo of these genes, {CYP}6{M}2 and {GSTD}1-6, encode enzymes that have been previously shown to metabolize {DDT}. {C}onclusion/{S}ignificance: {A}nalogous to target site resistance, genes involved in metabolic resistance to {DDT} are also shared between the {M} and {S} forms of {A}n gambiae. {A}lternative explanations for this occurrence are explored.},
  keywords = {{CAMEROUN} ; {YAOUNDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {e61408},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0061408},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060889},
}