@article{fdi:010060874,
  title = {{M}id-{H}olocene and {L}ast {G}lacial {M}aximum climate simulations with the {IPSL} model-part {I} : comparing {IPSL}_{CM}5{A} to {IPSL}_{CM}4},
  author = {{K}ageyama, {M}. and {B}raconnot, {P}. and {B}opp, {L}. and {C}aubel, {A}. and {F}oujols, {M}. {A}. and {G}uilyardi, {E}. and {K}hodri, {M}yriam and {L}loyd, {J}. and {L}ombard, {F}. and {M}ariotti, {V}. and {M}arti, {O}. and {R}oy, {T}. and {W}oillez, {M}. {N}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he climates of the mid-{H}olocene ({MH}), 6,000 years ago, and of the {L}ast {G}lacial {M}aximum ({LGM}), 21,000 years ago, have extensively been simulated, in particular in the framework of the {P}alaeoclimate {M}odelling {I}ntercomparion {P}roject. {T}hese periods are well documented by paleo-records, which can be used for evaluating model results for climates different from the present one. {H}ere, we present new simulations of the {MH} and the {LGM} climates obtained with the {IPSL}_{CM}5{A} model and compare them to our previous results obtained with the {IPSL}_{CM}4 model. {C}ompared to {IPSL}_{CM}4, {IPSL}_{CM}5{A} includes two new features: the interactive representation of the plant phenology and marine biogeochemistry. {B}ut one of the most important differences between these models is the latitudinal resolution and vertical domain of their atmospheric component, which have been improved in {IPSL}_{CM}5{A} and results in a better representation of the mid-latitude jet-streams. {T}he {A}sian monsoon's representation is also substantially improved. {T}he global average mean annual temperature simulated for the pre-industrial ({PI}) period is colder in {IPSL}_{CM}5{A} than in {IPSL}_{CM}4 but their climate sensitivity to a {CO}2 doubling is similar. {H}ere we show that these differences in the simulated {PI} climate have an impact on the simulated {MH} and {LGM} climatic anomalies. {T}he larger cooling response to {LGM} boundary conditions in {IPSL}_{CM}5{A} appears to be mainly due to differences between the {PMIP}3 and {PMIP}2 boundary conditions, as shown by a short wave radiative forcing/feedback analysis based on a simplified perturbation method. {I}t is found that the sensitivity computed from the {LGM} climate is lower than that computed from 2 x {CO}2 simulations, confirming previous studies based on different models. {F}or the {MH}, the {A}sian monsoon, stronger in the {IPSL}_{CM}5{A} {PI} simulation, is also more sensitive to the insolation changes. {T}he {A}frican monsoon is also further amplified in {IPSL}_{CM}5{A} due to the impact of the interactive phenology. {F}inally the changes in variability for both models and for {MH} and {LGM} are presented taking the example of the {E}l-{N}io {S}outhern {O}scillation ({ENSO}), which is very different in the {PI} simulations. {ENSO} variability is damped in both model versions at the {MH}, whereas inconsistent responses are found between the two versions for the {LGM}. {P}art 2 of this paper examines whether these differences between {IPSL}_{CM}4 and {IPSL}_{CM}5{A} can be distinguished when comparing those results to palaeo-climatic reconstructions and investigates new approaches for model-data comparisons made possible by the inclusion of new components in {IPSL}_{CM}5{A}.},
  keywords = {{IPSL} climate model ; {M}id-{H}olocene ; {L}ast {G}lacial {M}aximum ; {PMIP}/{CMIP}},
  booktitle = {{P}resentation and analysis of the {IPSL} and {CNRM} climate models used in {CMIP}5},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {40},
  numero = {9-10},
  pages = {2447--2468},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-012-1488-8},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060874},
}