@article{fdi:010060727,
  title = {{T}he granite tors of {D}artmoor, {S}outhwest {E}ngland : rapid and recent emergence revealed by {L}ate {P}leistocene cosmogenic apparent exposure ages},
  author = {{G}unnell, {Y}. and {J}arman, {D}. and {B}raucher, {R}. and {C}alvet, {M}. and {D}elmas, {M}. and {L}eanni, {L}aetitia and {B}ourles, {D}. and {A}rnold, {M}. and {A}umaitre, {G}. and {K}eddaouche, {K}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{D}artmoor, in {SW} {E}ngland, is a classic periglaciated granite upland adorned with a population of over 150 tors. {T}he origin of the tors has been controversial, but their emergence by differentiation after stripping of regolith during {P}leistocene cold phases is accepted. {H}owever, their actual age has been unknown, with possible scenarios ranging from preservation since the early {M}iddle {P}leistocene to relatively short-lived landforms in a maritime climate with high denudation rates. {T}he latter is now supported by 32 cosmogenic surface exposure dates from 28 tors across the whole upland. {T}he distribution of apparent {B}e-10 ages peaks strongly in the {M}iddle {D}evensian (36-50 ka), which with corrections for weathering and limited ice shielding could be interpreted as {E}arly {D}evensian. {T}hese ages are much younger than those found for three glacially unmodified {C}airngorms tors, and somewhat younger even than glacially modified {C}airngorms tors. {T}he dates show little spatial variation. {A}lthough an ice cap has now been modelled in the heart of northern {D}artmoor, tors here are of median age, suggesting that ice cover sufficient to shield tors from incoming radiation was of short duration. {T}he few younger tor ages support the idea of continuing landform instability across the landscape, with weathering flakes redeveloping soon after inferred loss of top pillows by gelifraction or gravitational toppling. {T}he few older tor ages have no systematic explanation, and may indicate inheritance from an earlier cycle of bedrock near-exposure. {S}ince most tors are modest in height (typically 2-5 m), volumetrically insignificant, and often in advanced stages of disintegration, the general impression is that they are evanescent features, which emerge and quickly disappear during every {P}leistocene climatic downturn. {T}or populations may thus flicker across the landscape rather randomly over the {Q}uaternary. {T}he remarkably consistent age of the present tor population could be associated with a stripping event at the start of the {D}evensian, but fuller analysis must await closer controls on tor denudation rates in different climatic phases, and on ice cover extent and duration. {T}hese results only date extant tor surfaces, not the landscape, but as the best available erosion pins they have evident value in exploring theories of the evolution of {D}artmoor during the {Q}uaternary.},
  keywords = {{B}eryllium-10 ; {C}osmogenic ; {T}or ; {D}artmoor ; {P}eriglacial ; {G}lacial ; {D}evensian ; {L}andscape evolution ; {ANGLETERRE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{Q}uaternary {S}cience {R}eviews},
  volume = {61},
  numero = {},
  pages = {62--76},
  ISSN = {0277-3791},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.005},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060727},
}