@article{fdi:010058857,
  title = {{V}ariation in exposure to {A}nopheles gambiae salivary gland peptide (g{SG}6-{P}1) across different malaria transmission settings in the western {K}enya highlands},
  author = {{B}adu, {K}. and {S}iangla, {J}. and {L}arbi, {J}. and {L}awson, {B}. {W}. and {A}frane, {Y}. and {O}ng'echa, {J}. and {R}emou{\'e}, {F}ranck and {Z}hou, {G}. {F}. and {G}itheko, {A}. {K}. and {Y}an, {G}. {Y}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {T}he existing metrics of malaria transmission are limited in sensitivity under low transmission intensity. {R}obust surveillance systems are needed as interventions to monitor reduced transmission and prevention of rapid reintroduction. {S}erological tools based on antibody responses to parasite and vector antigens are potential tools for transmission measurements. {T}he current study sought to evaluate antibody responses to {A}nopheles gambiae salivary gland peptide (g{SG}6-{P}1), as a biomarker of human exposure to {A}nopheles bites, in different transmission settings and seasons. {T}he comparison between anti-{MSP}-1(19) {I}g{G} immune responders and non-responders allowed exploring the robustness of the g{SG}6-{P}1 peptide as a surveillance tool in an area of decreasing malaria transmission. {M}ethods: {T}otal {I}g{G} levels to g{SG}6-{P}1 were measured in an age-stratified cohort (<5, 5-14 and >= 15 years) in a total of 1,366 participants from three localities in western {K}enya [{K}isii (hypoendemic), {K}akamega (mesoendemic), and {K}ombewa (hyperendemic)] including 607 sera that were additionally tested for {MSP}-1(19) specific responses during a low and a high malaria transmission seasons. {A}ntibody prevalence and levels were compared between localities with different transmission intensities. {R}egression analysis was performed to examine the association between g{SG}6-{P}1 and {MSP}-1(19) seroprevalence and parasite prevalence. {R}esult: {S}eroprevalence of g{SG}6-{P}1 in the uphill population was 36% while it was 50% valley bottom (chi(2) = 13.2, df = 1, p < 0.001). {M}edian g{SG}6-{P}1 antibody levels in the {V}alley bottom were twice as high as that observed in the uphill population [4.50 vs. 2.05, p < 0.001] and showed seasonal variation. {T}he odds of g{SG}6-{P}1 seropositives having {MSP}-1(19) antibodies were almost three times higher than the odds of seronegatives ({OR} = 2.87, 95% {CI} [1.977, 4.176]). {T}he observed parasite prevalence for {K}isii, {K}akamega and {K}ombewa were 4%, 19.7% and 44.6% whilst the equivalent g{SG}6-{P}1 seroprevalence were 28%, 34% and 54%, respectively. {C}onclusion: {T}he seroprevalence of {I}g{G} to g{SG}6-{P}1 was sensitive and robust in distinguishing between hypo, meso and hyper transmission settings and seasonal fluctuations.},
  keywords = {{KENYA}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {11},
  numero = {},
  pages = {318},
  ISSN = {1475-2875},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1186/1475-2875-11-318},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010058857},
}