@article{fdi:010058516,
  title = {{A} multi-agent ecosystem model for studying changes in a tropical estuarine fish assemblage within a marine protected area},
  author = {{B}rochier, {T}imoth{\'e}e and {E}coutin, {J}ean-{M}arc and {T}ito de {M}orais, {L}uis and {K}aplan, {D}avid and {L}ae, {R}aymond},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}s marine protected areas ({MPA}s) are increasingly being utilised as a tool for fishery management, theirimpact  on  the  food  web  needs  to  be  fully  understood.  {H}owever,  little  is  known  about  the  effect  of  {MPA}s  on  fishassemblages, especially in the presence of different life history and ecological traits. {M}odelling the observed changes infish population structures may provide a mechanistic understanding of fish assemblage dynamics. {I}n addition, modellingallows a quantitative estimate of {MPA} spill-over. {T}o achieve this purpose, we adapted an existing ecosystem model,{OSMOSE} ({O}bject-oriented simulator of marine biodiversity exploitation), to the specific case of the presence of fishwith multiple life histories. {T}he adapted model can manage 4 main categories of life history identified in an estuary{MPA}: fish that (1) spend their entire life cycle locally, (2) are present only as juveniles, (3) enter the area as juveniles andstay permanently except during reproduction periods, which occur outside the estuary, and (4) are present occasionallyand for a short time for foraging purposes. {T}o take into account these specific life-history traits, the {OSMOSE} code wasmodified. {T}his modelling approach was developed in the context of the {B}amboung {B}olong {MPA}, located in a mangrovearea in the {S}ine-{S}aloum {D}elta, {S}enegal. {T}his was the idealcase to develop our approach as there has been scientificmonitoring  of  the  fish population  structure  inside  the  {MPA}  before  fishery  closure,  providing  a  reference  state,  andcontinuous monitoring since the closure. {E}cologically similar species were pooled by trophic traits into 15 groups thatrepresented 97% of the total biomass. {L}ower trophic levels ({LTL}) were represented by 6 compartments. {T}he biomass ofthe model species was calibrated to reproduce the reference situation before fishery closure. {M}odel predictions of fishassemblage changes after fishery closure corresponding to the {B}amboung {MPA} creation scenario were compared to fieldobservations; in most cases the model reproduces observed changes in biomass (at least in direction). {W}e suggest theexistence of a 'sanctuary effect', that was not taken into account in the model, this could explain the observed increasein biomass of top predators not  reproduced  by the model.  {F}inally, the annual  {MPA} fish spill-over was estimated at 11 tons (approx. 33% of the fish biomass) from the model output, mainly due to diffusive effects.},
  keywords = {{MILIEU} {ESTUARIEN} ; {POISSON} ; {BIOMASSE} ; {NIVEAU} {TROPHIQUE} ; {FONCTIONNEMENT} {DE} {L}'{ECOSYSTEME} ; {MODELE} ; {ANALYSE} {SYSTEMIQUE} ; {AIRE} {MARINE} {PROTEGEE} ; {SENEGAL} ; {SINE} {SALOUM} {DELTA} ; {BAMBOUNG} {BOLONG}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}quating {L}iving {R}esources},
  numero = {},
  pages = {12},
  ISSN = {0090-7440},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1051/alr/2012028},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010058516},
}