@article{fdi:010057378,
  title = {{S}cale-up of antiretroviral treatment in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica is accompanied by increasing {HIV}-1 drug resistance mutations in drug-naive patients},
  author = {{A}ghokeng {F}obang, {A}velin and {K}ouanfack, {C}. and {L}aurent, {C}hristian and {E}bong, {E}. and {A}tem-{T}ambe, {A}. and {B}utel, {C}hristelle and {M}ontavon, {C}{\'e}line and {M}poudi-{N}gole, {E}. and {D}elaporte, {E}ric and {P}eeters, {M}artine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}bjectives: {T}o evaluate the frequency and progression over time of the {WHO}-defined transmitted {HIV}-1 drug resistance mutations ({DRM}s) among antiretroviral treatment ({ART})-naive {HIV}-1-infected patients in {C}ameroon. {D}esign: {W}e analyzed {HIV}-1 {DRM} data generated from 369 {ART}-naive individuals consecutively recruited between 1996 and 2007 in urban and rural areas in {C}ameroon. {M}ethods: {HIV}-1 drug resistance genotyping was performed in the pol gene using plasma samples and surveillance {DRM}s were identified using the 2009 {WHO}-{DRM} list. {R}esults: {W}e observed in {Y}aounde, the capital city, an increasing prevalence of {DRM}s over time: 0.0% (none of 61 participants) in 1996-1999; 1.9% (one of 53 participants) in 2001; 4.1% (two of 49 participants) in 2002; and 12.3% (10 of 81 participants) in 2007. {I}n the rural areas with more recently implemented {ART} programs, we found {DRM}s in six of 125 (4.8%) {ART}-naive individuals recruited in 2006-2007. {DRM}s identified in both areas included resistance mutations to protease inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ({NRTI}s) and non-{NRTI}s ({NNRTI}s) that might impair the efficacy of available first-line and second-line treatments. {C}onclusion: {T}his report showed an increase in transmitted {DRM}s in areas where antiretroviral drugs were introduced earlier, although other factors such as natural viral polymorphisms and acquired {DRM}s through exposure to antiretroviral cannot be totally excluded. {F}urther surveillances are needed to confirm this evolution and inform public health policies on adequate actions to help limit the selection and transmission of drug-resistant {HIV}, while scaling up access to {ART} in developing countries.},
  keywords = {antiretroviral ; {C}ameroon ; {HIV}-1 ; mutation ; transmitted drug resistance},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}ids},
  volume = {25},
  numero = {17},
  pages = {2183--2188},
  ISSN = {0269-9370},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1097/{QAD}.0b013e32834bbbe9},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010057378},
}