@article{fdi:010057240,
  title = {{N}oninvasive follow-up of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in wild-living nonhabituated western lowland gorillas in {C}ameroon},
  author = {{E}tienne, {L}ucie and {L}ocatelli, {S}abrina and {A}youba, {A}hidjo and {E}steban, {A}mandine and {B}utel, {C}hristelle and {L}i{\'e}geois, {F}lorian and {A}ghokeng, {A}velin and {D}elaporte, {E}ric and {N}gole, {E}itel {M}poudi and {P}eeters, {M}artine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}imian immunodeficiency viruses infecting western lowland gorillas ({SIV}gor) are closely related to {HIV}-1 and are most likely the ancestors of {HIV}-1 groups 0 and {P}. {A}t present, limited data are available on genetic diversity, transmission, viral evolution, and pathogenicity of {SIV}gor in its natural host. {B}etween 2004 and 2011, 961 putative gorilla fecal samples were collected at the {C}ampo {M}a'an {N}ational {P}ark, {C}ameroon. {A}mong them, 16% cross-reacted with {HIV}-1 antibodies, corresponding to at least 34 infected gorillas. {C}ombining host genotyping and field data, we identified four social groups composed of 7 to 15 individuals each, with {S}ly rates ranging from 13% to 29%. {E}leven {SIV}gor-infected gorillas were sampled multiple times; two most likely seroconverted during the study period, showing that {SIV}gor continues to spread. {P}hylogenetic analysis of partial env and pol sequences revealed cocirculation of closely related and divergent strains among gorillas from the same social group, indicating {SIV}gor transmissions within and between groups. {P}arental links could be inferred for some gorillas infected with closely related strains, suggesting vertical transmission, but horizontal transmission by sexual or aggressive behavior was also suspected. {I}ntra-host molecular evolution in one gorilla over a 5-year period showed viral adaptations characteristic of escape mutants, i.e., {V}1{V}2 loop elongation and an increased number of glycosylation sites. {H}ere we show for the first time the feasibility of noninvasive monitoring of nonhabituated gorillas to study {SIV}gor infection over time at both the individual and population levels. {T}his approach can also be applied more generally to study other pathogens in wildlife.},
  keywords = {{CAMEROUN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {V}irology},
  volume = {86},
  numero = {18},
  pages = {9760--9772},
  ISSN = {0022-538{X}},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1128/jvi.01186-12},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010057240},
}