@article{fdi:010057174,
  title = {{Q}uantification and modelling of water flow in rain-fed paddy fields in {NE} {T}hailand : evidence of soil salinization under submerged conditions by artesian groundwater},
  author = {{H}ammecker, {C}laude and {M}aeght, {J}ean-{L}uc and {G}runberger, {O}livier and {S}iltacho, {S}. and {S}risruk, {K}. and {N}oble, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}ater flow and solute transport in soils forms an essential part in many groundwater hydrology studies. {T}his is especially true for {N}ortheast {T}hailand, where the agricultural land is affected by the soil salinity, which is a widespread and an increasing phenomenon affecting 25% of the agricultural land. {S}alinization appears as scattered discrete patches of 10-100 m(2) in the lowlands, illustrated by white efflorescences during the dry season and bare soil during the cropping season. {A} field study was undertaken in farm plots to measure the water flow and solute transport within the soil surface and the vadose zone, both inside and outside a saline patch. {T}he water flow was measured on the soil surface with lysimeters and infiltration rings, and was derived in the soil from the hydraulic gradients measured with tensiometers placed at different depths. {T}he salt transport was evaluated with water traps also placed at different depths, where the soil water's electrical conductivity was measured throughout the rainy season. {F}ield study results demonstrated that the accumulation of saline solutions in rain fed paddy fields, occurred mainly during the rainy season while the soil surface remained flooded. {D}uring this period the saline water table rose towards the soil surface independently of infiltration into the soil. {I}t happened in specific places where the compacted soil layer, generally ubiquitous in the area at a depth of 40-50 cm, is interrupted. {T}herefore salinity appeareds in discret points as patches. {A}rtesian upward flow already described in this area ({H}aworth et al., 1966; {W}illiamson et al., 1989; {I}maizumi et al., 2002) is most probably responsible for this water table rise, thereby affecting crop productivity. {N}umerical modelling of water flow using {HYDRUS}-3{D} further supported these results and showed that managing the depth of flooding within the plot can significantly reduce the outbreak of these saline plumes.},
  keywords = {{S}aline soils ; {W}ater budget ; {A}rtesian flow ; {M}odelling ; {S}aline seep},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {H}ydrology},
  volume = {456},
  numero = {},
  pages = {68--78},
  ISSN = {0022-1694},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.06.005},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010057174},
}