@article{fdi:010057040,
  title = {{E}merging options for the management of scorpion stings},
  author = {{C}hippaux, {J}ean-{P}hilippe},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}corpion stings are common in many tropical countries. {A}lthough most scorpion stings cause only localized pain without life-threatening envenoming, about one third of stings cause systemic envenoming which can result in death. {C}hildren are particularly sensitive to scorpion envenoming. {T}he severity of scorpion stings is related to the presence of neurotoxins in the venom that cause a sudden release of neurotransmitters from the autonomic nervous system, predominantly sympathetic. {T}here is also a strong inflammatory response that worsens symptoms, including those of a respiratory nature. {S}everal vital functions may be directly affected, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, and neuromuscular systems. {H}ypertension is constant at the beginning of systemic envenoming and sometimes has a severe cardiac and respiratory impact. {A}lthough controversial, immunotherapy is the only etiological treatment. {A}dministered early, it prevents many complications and improves the outcome. {N}ew antivenoms are highly purified immunoglobulin fragments, the efficacy and safety of which are excellent. {A}s a consequence, adverse reactions to antivenoms are now very rare and usually mild, which should limit any reluctance regarding their routine use. {S}ymptomatic treatment is still necessary to support immunotherapy, especially in cases of delayed arrival at hospital. {A} combination of both approaches should be considered, based on local resources and constraints.},
  keywords = {scorpion ; envenoming ; treatment ; antivenom},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{D}rug {D}esign {D}evelopment and {T}herapy},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {},
  pages = {165--173},
  ISSN = {1177-8881},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.2147/dddt.s24754},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010057040},
}