@article{fdi:010056919,
  title = {{M}aternal {HIV}-1 disease progression 18-24 months postdelivery according to antiretroviral prophylaxis regimen (triple-antiretroviral prophylaxis during pregnancy and breastfeeding vs {Z}idovudine/single-dose {N}evirapine prophylaxis) : the {K}esho {B}ora randomized controlled trial},
  author = {{F}ao, {P}. and {K}y-{Z}erbo, {O}. and {G}ouem, {C}. and {S}omda, {P}. and {H}ien, {H}. and {O}uedraogo, {P}. {E}. and {K}ania, {D}. and {S}anou, {A}. and {K}ossiwavi, {I}. {A}. and {S}anogo, {B}. and {O}uedraogo, {M}. and {S}iribie, {I}. and {V}alea, {D}. and {O}uedraogo, {S}. and {S}ome, {R}. and {R}ouet, {F}. and {R}ollins, {N}. and {M}c{F}etridge, {L}. and {N}aidu, {K}. and {L}uchters, {S}. and {R}eyners, {M}. and {I}rungu, {E}. and {K}atingima, {C}. and {M}waura, {M}. and {O}uattara, {G}. and {M}andaliya, {K}. and {W}ambua, {S}. and {T}hiongo, {M}. and {N}duati, {R}. and {K}ose, {J}. and {N}jagi, {E}. and {M}waura, {P}. and {N}ewell, {M}. {L}. and {M}epham, {S}. and {V}iljoen, {J}. and {B}land, {R}. and {M}thethwa, {L}. and {B}azin, {B}. and {R}ekacewicz, {C}. and {T}aylor, {A}. and {F}lowers, {N}. and {T}higpen, {M}. and {F}owler, {M}. {G}. and {J}amieson, {D}. and {M}ofenson, {L}. {M}. and {R}ead, {J}. {S}. and {B}ork, {K}irsten and {C}ames, {C}{\'e}cile and {C}ournil, {A}mandine and {C}laeys, {P}. and {T}emmerman, {M}. and {V}an de {P}erre, {P}. and {B}ecquart, {P}ierre and {F}oulongne, {V}. and {S}egondy, {M}. and de {V}incenzi, {I}. and {G}aillard, {P}. and {F}arley, {T}. and {H}abib, {N}. and {L}andoulsi, {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground. {A}ntiretroviral ({ARV}) prophylaxis effectively reduces mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ({HIV}). {H}owever, it is unclear whether stopping {ARV}s after breastfeeding cessation affects maternal {HIV} disease progression. {W}e assessed 18-24-month postpartum disease progression risk among women in a randomized trial assessing efficacy and safety of prophylactic maternal {ARV}s. {M}ethods. {F}rom 2005 to 2008, {HIV}-infected pregnant women with {CD}4(+) counts of 200-500/mm(3) were randomized to receive either triple {ARV} (zidovudine, lamivudine, and lopinavir/ritonavir during pregnancy and breastfeeding) or {AZT}/sd{NVP} (zidovudine until delivery with single-dose nevirapine without postpartum prophylaxis). {M}aternal disease progression was defined as the combined endpoint of death, {W}orld {H}ealth {O}rganization clinical stage 4 disease, or {CD}4(+) counts of <200/mm(3). {R}esults. {A}mong 824 randomized women, 789 had at least 1 study visit after cessation of {ARV} prophylaxis. {F}ollowing delivery, progression risk up to 24 months postpartum in the triple {ARV} arm was significantly lower than in the {AZT}/sd{NVP} arm (15.7% vs 28.3%; {P} = .001), but the risks of progression after cessation of {ARV} prophylaxis (rather than after delivery) were not different (15.0% vs 13.8% 18 months after {ARV} cessation). {A}mong women with {CD}4(+) counts of 200-349/mm(3) at enrollment, 24.0% (95% confidence interval [{CI}], 15.7-35.5) progressed with triple {ARV}, and 23.0% (95% {CI}, 17.8-29.5) progressed with {AZT}/sd{NVP}, whereas few women in either arm (<5%) with initial {CD}4(+) counts of >= 350/mm(3) progressed. {C}onclusions. {I}nterrupting prolonged triple {ARV} prophylaxis had no effect on {HIV} progression following cessation (compared with {AZT}/sd{NVP}). {H}owever, women on triple {ARV} prophylaxis had lower progression risk during the time on triple {ARV}. {G}iven the high rate of progression among women with {CD}4(+) cells of <350/mm(3), {ARV}s should not be discontinued in this group.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}linical {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {55},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {449--460},
  ISSN = {1058-4838},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1093/cid/cis461},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010056919},
}