@article{fdi:010055959,
  title = {{R}eappraisal of the 1887 {L}igurian earthquake (western {M}editerranean) from macroseismicity, active tectonics and tsunami modelling},
  author = {{L}arroque, {C}. and {S}cotti, {O}. and {I}oualalen, {M}ansour},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{E}arly in the morning of 1887 {F}ebruary 23, a damaging earthquake hit the towns along the {I}talian and {F}rench {R}iviera. {T}he earthquake was followed by a tsunami with a maximum run-up of 2 m near {I}mperia, {I}taly. {A}t least 600 people died, mainly due to collapsing buildings. {T}his {L}igurian earthquake occurred at the junction between the southern {F}rench{I}talian {A}lps and the {L}igurian {B}asin. {F}or such a historical event, the epicentre and the equivalent magnitude are difficult to characterize with any degree of precision, and the tectonic fault responsible for the earthquake is still under debate today. {T}he recent {MALISAR} marine geophysical survey allowed the identification of a large system of active faults. {W}e propose that the rupture of some of the segments belonging to this 80-km-long northern {L}igurian {F}aults system connected to a shallow-dipping major thrust plane at depth was the source of the 1887 {L}igurian earthquake. {W}e investigated the macroseismic data from the {SISFRANCE}-08 and {DBMI}-04 historical databases using several models of intensity attenuation with distance and focal depth. {T}he modelling results are consistent with the off-shore location, with an epicentre around 43.70 degrees 43.78 degrees {N} and 7.81 degrees 8.07 degrees {E}, and with a magnitude {M}w in the range of 6.37.5. {N}umerous earthquake source scenarios have been tested on the tide gauge record at {G}enoa harbour. {A}s a result, we present seven characteristic source earthquake scenarios for a shallow strong earthquake occurring below the northern {L}igurian margin. {T}he modelled tide gauge records were analysed with the help of basic statistical tools and a simple harmonic analysis, to extract the wave spectrum characteristics. {T}his analysis indicates that scenarios of a magnitude {M}w of 6.86.9 along a reverse {N}55 degrees {E} striking fault are the best candidates to explain the known characteristics of the tsunami that followed. {T}he best-fitting scenarios comprise a 70 degrees-dipping southward fault plane with {M}w 6.8 and a 16 degrees-dipping northward fault plane with {M}w 6.9, both with reverse kinematics. {T}aking into account the geometry of the active faults, the location of the macroseismic epicentre and the morphotectonic evolution of the continental slope, we propose that the 1887 {L}igurian earthquake corresponded to the reverse faulting of a {N}55 degrees {E} striking fault plane dipping to the north with a coseismic slip of 1.5 m.},
  keywords = {{T}sunamis ; {P}alaeoseismology ; {S}eismicity and tectonics ; {C}ontinental neotectonics ; {D}ynamics: seismotectonics ; {E}urope},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}eophysical {J}ournal {I}nternational},
  volume = {190},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {87--104},
  ISSN = {0956-540{X}},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-246{X}.2012.05498.x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010055959},
}