@article{fdi:010055928,
  title = {{T}he origin and evolutionary history of {HIV}-1 subtype {C} in {S}enegal},
  author = {{J}ung, {M}. and {L}eye, {N}. and {V}idal, {N}icole and {F}argette, {D}enis and {D}iop, {H}. and {K}ane, {C}. {T}. and {G}ascuel, {O}. and {P}eeters, {M}artine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {T}he classification of {HIV}-1 strains in subtypes and {C}irculating {R}ecombinant {F}orms ({CRF}s) has helped in tracking the course of the {HIV} pandemic. {I}n {S}enegal, which is located at the tip of {W}est {A}frica, {CRF}02_{AG} predominates in the general population and {F}emale {S}ex {W}orkers ({FSW}s). {I}n contrast, 40% of {M}en having {S}ex with {M}en ({MSM}) in {S}enegal are infected with subtype {C}. {I}n this study we analyzed the geographical origins and introduction dates of {HIV}-1 {C} in {S}enegal in order to better understand the evolutionary history of this subtype, which predominates today in the {MSM} population {M}ethodology/{P}rincipal {F}indings: {W}e used a combination of phylogenetic analyses and a {B}ayesian coalescent-based approach, to study the phylogenetic relationships in pol of 56 subtype {C} isolates from {S}enegal with 3,025 subtype {C} strains that were sampled worldwide. {O}ur analysis shows a significantly well supported cluster which contains all subtype {C} strains that circulate among {MSM} in {S}enegal. {T}he {MSM} cluster and other strains from {S}enegal are widely dispersed among the different subclusters of {A}frican {HIV}-1 {C} strains, suggesting multiple introductions of subtype {C} in {S}enegal from many different southern and east {A}frican countries. {M}ore detailed analyses show that {HIV}-1 {C} strains from {MSM} are more closely related to those from southern {A}frica. {T}he estimated date of the {MRCA} of subtype {C} in the {MSM} population in {S}enegal is estimated to be in the early 80's. {C}onclusions/{S}ignificance: {O}ur evolutionary reconstructions suggest that multiple subtype {C} viruses with a common ancestor originating in the early 1970s entered {S}enegal. {T}here was only one efficient spread in the {MSM} population, which most likely resulted from a single introduction, underlining the importance of high-risk behavior in spread of viruses.},
  keywords = {{SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {7},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {e33579},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0033579},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010055928},
}