@article{fdi:010055855,
  title = {{R}adiation-induced defects in clay minerals : a review},
  author = {{A}llard, {T}. and {B}alan, {E}tienne and {C}alas, {G}. and {F}ourdrin, {C}. and {M}orichon, {E}. and {S}orieul, {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{E}xtensive information has been collected on radiation effects on clay minerals over the last 35 years, providing a wealth of information on environmental and geological processes. {T}he fields of applications include the reconstruction of past radioelement migrations, the dating of clay minerals or the evolution of the physico-chemical properties under irradiation. {T}he investigation of several clay minerals, namely kaolinite, dickite, montmorillonite, illite and sudoite, by {E}lectron {P}aramagnetic {R}esonance {S}pectroscopy has shown the presence of defects produced by natural or artificial radiations. {T}hese defects consist mostly of electron holes located on oxygen atoms of the structure. {T}he various radiation-induced defects are differentiated through their nature and their thermal stability. {M}ost of them are associated with a pi orbital on a {S}i-{O} bond. {T}he most abundant defect in clay minerals is oriented perpendicular to the silicate layer. {T}hermal annealing indicates this defect in kaolinite ({A}-center) to be stable over geological periods at ambient temperature. {B}esides, electron or heavy ion irradiation easily leads to an amorphization in smectites, depending on the type of interlayer cation. {T}he amorphization dose exhibits a bell-shaped variation as a function of temperature, with a decreasing part that indicates the influence of thermal dehydroxylation. {T}wo main applications of the knowledge of radiation-induced defects in clay minerals are derived: (i) {T}he use of defects as tracers of past radioactivity. {I}n geological systems where the age of the clay can be constrained, ancient migrations of radioelements can be reconstructed in natural analogues of high level nuclear waste repositories. {W}hen the dose rate may be assumed constant over time, the paleodose is used to date clay populations, an approach applied to fault gouges or laterites of the {A}mazon basin. (ii) {T}he influence of irradiation over physico-chemical properties of clay minerals. {A}n environmental application concerns the performance assessment of the engineered barrier of nuclear waste disposals. {I}n case of a leakage of transuranic elements from the radioactive waste form, alpha recoil nuclei can amorphize smectite after periods of the order of 1000 years according to a worst case scenario, whereas amorphization from ionizing radiation is unlikely. {A}s amorphization greatly enhances the dissolution kinetics of smectite, the sensitivity of the smectites must be taken into account in the prediction of the long term behavior of engineered barriers.},
  keywords = {{C}lay ; {EPR} ; {D}efect ; {I}rradiation ; {N}atural analogue ; {I}on beam ; {A}morphization},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{N}uclear {I}nstruments and {M}ethods in {P}hysics {R}esearch {S}ection {B} : {B}eam {I}nteractions with {M}aterials and {A}toms},
  volume = {277},
  numero = {},
  pages = {112--120},
  ISSN = {0168-583{X}},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.nimb.2011.12.044},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010055855},
}