@article{fdi:010055808,
  title = {{I}nsights into the historical biogeography of the date palm ({P}hoenix dactylifera {L}.) using geometric morphometry of modern and ancient seeds},
  author = {{T}erral, {J}. {F}. and {N}ewton, {C}. and {I}vorra, {S}. and {G}ros-{B}althazard, {M}uriel and {T}ito de {M}orais, {C}laire and {P}icq, {S}. and {T}engberg, {M}. and {P}intaud, {J}ean-{C}hristophe},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}im {T}he main purpose of this work is to understand the origin, history, historical biogeography and mechanisms of date palm ({P}hoenix dactylifera {L}.) domestication. {L}ocation {S}eeds of uncultivated {P}hoenix individuals from isolated {O}man populations, cultivated date palm varieties of various geographical origins and other related {P}hoenix species were analysed. {A}dditionally, well-preserved seeds from {E}gyptian archaeological sites (14th century bc to 8th century ad) were compared with the morphometric reference model based on the analysis of modern material. {M}ethods {E}lliptic {F}ourier transforms ({EFT}), a morphometric method applied to shape outline analysis, were used to characterize seed shape and to quantify morphological diversity in {P}. dactylifera and related species. {R}esults {A}nalysis of seed outlines by {EFT} (1) showed that {P}. dactylifera can be differentiated from other {P}hoenix species and (2) enabled the quantification of patterns of shape differentiation in the genus {P}hoenix at different taxonomic, geographical and chronological levels. {D}ate palm agrobiodiversity, partitioned in distinct morphotypes, appeared to be complex in terms of geographical structure. {A}llocation of archaeological seeds to different modern {P}hoenix forms and date palm morphotypes allowed us to reveal ancient forms consumed and/or exploited in {E}gypt and finally to determine spatial and temporal changes in agrobiodiversity. {M}ain conclusions {B}ased on the morphological diversity quantified in {P}. dactylifera and related species, we characterized ancestral seed shape features present in uncultivated populations. {T}he geographical distribution pattern of seed shapes points to human dispersal routes that spread cultivation from one or more initial 'domestication centres'. {F}inally, this work provides a powerful tool to identify ancient forms as demonstrated by the analysis of well-preserved {E}gyptian archaeological seeds, dating from the 14th century bc to the 8th century ad. {R}esults open new and fascinating perspectives on the investigation of the origins and chrono-geographical fluctuation of date palm agrobiodiversity.},
  keywords = {{A}grobiodiversity ; date palm ; domestication ; {E}gypt ; elliptic {F}ourier transforms ; historical biogeography ; {P}hoenix dactylifera ; seed shape},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {B}iogeography},
  volume = {39},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {929--941},
  ISSN = {0305-0270},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02649.x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010055808},
}