@article{fdi:010055731,
  title = {{M}onitoring of snow avalanches using a seismic array : location, speed estimation, and relationships to meteorological variables},
  author = {{L}acroix, {P}ascal and {G}rasso, {J}. {R}. and {R}oulle, {J}. and {G}iraud, {G}r{\'e}gory and {G}oetz, {D}. and {M}orin, {S}. and {H}elmstetter, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}onitoring snow avalanches is necessary in order to better understand their triggering mechanisms and ultimately improve forecast performance. {S}eismic monitoring has been developed by several groups over the last 20 years and holds great potential to detect, locate, and characterize snow avalanches. {D}uring the 2009-2010 winter, a seismic antenna was installed in the {F}rench {A}lps close to the village of {S}aint-{C}hristophe-en-{O}isans (1700 m above sea level). {T}he array of seven sensors operated during 50 days in {O}ctober and {N}ovember 2009 under snow-free conditions and during 40 days in {J}anuary and {F}ebruary 2010 in presence of snow. {I}t recorded different types of seismic events including snow avalanches, rockfalls, shots, and regional and local microearthquakes. {E}ighty avalanche signals were visually identified. {U}sing a beam-forming method, we were able to locate snow avalanches on slopes of various orientations in a radius of about 3 km and track their propagation. {T}he location technique allowed for the estimation of avalanches' front speed, which ranged between 12 and 32 m s(-1). {T}he method can also distinguish dry and wet snow avalanches. {D}urations of avalanches can be as long as 380 s because of the length of the slopes in the area. {S}eismic monitoring provides a catalog of avalanches with precise times, which can be used to analyze the impact of meteorological forcings on the avalanche triggering. {S}nowfall is found to be the dominant forcing of avalanche activity during this period, as revealed by the strongest correlation. {F}or the period of study, our results suggest that the impact of precipitation on the snowpack instability lasts for about 6 days.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch. {E}arth {S}urface},
  volume = {117},
  numero = {},
  pages = {{F}01034},
  ISSN = {0148-0227},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1029/2011jf002106},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010055731},
}