@article{fdi:010054410,
  title = {{C}ongenital parasitic infections : a review},
  author = {{C}arlier, {Y}. and {T}ruyens, {C}. and {D}eloron, {P}hilippe and {P}eyron, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his review defines the concepts of maternal-fetal (congenital) and vertical transmissions (mother-to-child) of pathogens and specifies the human parasites susceptible to be congenitally transferred. {I}t highlights the epidemiological features of this transmission mode for the three main congenital parasitic infections due to {T}oxoplasma gondii, {T}rypanosoma cruzi and {P}lasmodium sp. {I}nformation on the possible maternal-fetal routes of transmission, the placental responses to infection and timing of parasite transmission are synthesized and compared. {T}he factors susceptible to be involved in parasite transmission and development of congenital parasitic diseases, such as the parasite genotypes, the maternal co-infections and parasitic load, the immunological features of pregnant women and the capacity of some fetuses/neonates to overcome their immunological immaturity to mount an immune response against the transmitted parasites are also discussed and compared. {A}nalysis of clinical data indicates that parasitic congenital infections are often asymptomatic, whereas symptomatic newborns generally display non-specific symptoms. {T}he long-term consequences of congenital infections are also mentioned, such as the imprinting of neonatal immune system and the possible trans-generational transmission. {T}he detection of infection in pregnant women is mainly based on standard serological or parasitological investigations. {A}mniocentesis and cordocentesis can be used for the detection of some fetal infections. {T}he neonatal infection can be assessed using parasitological, molecular or immunological methods; the place of {PCR} in such neonatal diagnosis is discussed. {W}hen such laboratory diagnosis is not possible at birth or in the first weeks of life, standard serological investigations can also be performed 8-10 months after birth, to avoid detection of maternal transmitted antibodies. {T}he specific aspects of treatment of {T}. gondii, {T}. cruzi and {P}lasmodium congenital infections are mentioned. {T}he possibilities of primary and secondary prophylaxes, as well as the available {WHO} corresponding recommendations are also presented.},
  keywords = {{C}ongenital toxoplasmosis ; {C}ongenital {C}hagas disease ; {C}ongenital malaria ; {P}lacenta ; {I}mmune responses ; {MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}cta {T}ropica},
  volume = {121},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {55--70},
  ISSN = {0001-706{X}},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.10.018},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010054410},
}