@article{fdi:010054314,
  title = {{I}n situ characterization of infra red femtosecond laser ablation in geological samples. {P}art {B} : the laser induced particles},
  author = {{D}'{A}bzac, {F}. {X}. and {S}eydoux-{G}uillaume, {A}. {M}. and {C}hmeleff, {J}. and {D}atas, {L}. and {P}oitrasson, {F}ranck},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he analytical study of infra red femtosecond laser induced particles has been performed using {T}ransmission {E}lectron {M}icroscopy ({TEM}) and {L}ow {P}ressure {I}mpaction ({ELPI}). {V}arious natural and synthetic matrices have been tested: monazite (phosphate), zircon (silicate), {NIST}610 (glass), spinel (oxide), quartz (silicate structure), silicon (semiconductor) and {N}ordic gold (metallic alloy). {T}hree types of particles are systematically observed: very rare large round spherical particles (d(p) approximate to 1 mm) whose composition is close to the initial sample, spherical particles of smaller size (d(p) <= 250 nm) and agglomerates of d(p) approximate to 10 nm particles. {C}hemical compositions of the latter two are complementary with respect to the ablated sample. {I}solated occurrence of hydrodynamic sputtering may explain the creation of rare large droplets. {O}ther particles are probably generated from the irradiated matter in the supercritical state during the cooling process and plasma expansion. {A} recent model provides a strong basis to describe vapour to particle conversion and further condensation/coalescence processes for simple systems (single component). {A}dditional assumptions must be included to apply the model to our observations of complex multi-elemental systems. {A} qualitative interpretation may be proposed on the basis of fractionated condensation/coalescence and further agglomeration of particles, depending on plasma pressure and the ablated elements properties (mainly density and melting period) as well as the thermal evolution of the plume. {T}his interpretation is discussed and validated for each sample type. {P}revious results concerning ablation mechanisms using the same system are included in our model. {T}he generation of particles from a vapour phase confirms that vaporization is the main ablation mechanism in the femtosecond regime. {M}oreover, the possible presence of molecular sized clusters in the initial plasma, which can accelerate the nucleation process, strongly suggests that fragmentation is the secondary ablation mechanism. {F}inally, the present study is an experimental validation for recent femtosecond laser ablation simulation, and it brings new insights for interpreting particles generation processes for complex systems. {C}orrelations between laser ablation {ICP}-{MS} measurements must now be made with the present results.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {A}nalytical {A}tomic {S}pectrometry},
  volume = {27},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {108--119},
  ISSN = {0267-9477},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1039/c1ja10154d},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010054314},
}