@article{fdi:010054311,
  title = {{M}ultiple independent introductions of {P}lasmodium falciparum in {S}outh {A}merica},
  author = {{Y}alcindag, {E}. and {E}lguero, {E}ric and {A}rnathau, {C}. and {D}urand, {P}. and {A}kiana, {J}. and {A}nderson, {T}.{J}. and {A}ubouy, {A}gn{\`e}s and {B}alloux, {F}. and {B}esnard, {P}. and {B}ogreau, {H}. and {C}arnevale, {P}ierre and {D}'{A}lessandro, {U}. and {F}ontenille, {D}idier and {G}amboa, {D}. and {J}ombart, {T}. and {L}e {M}ire, {J}. and {L}eroy, {E}ric and {M}aestre, {A}. and {M}ayxay, {M}. and {M}enard, {D}. and {M}usset, {L}. and {N}ewton, {P}. {N}. and {N}koghe, {D}. and {N}oya, {O}. and {O}llomo, {B}. and {R}ogier, {C}. and {V}eron, {V}. and {W}ide, {A}. and {Z}akeri, {S}. and {C}arme, {B}. and {L}egrand, {E}. and {C}hevillon, {C}. and {A}yala, {F}.{J}. and {R}enaud, {F}. and {P}rugnolle, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he origin of {P}lasmodium falciparum in {S}outh {A}merica is controversial. {S}ome studies suggest a recent introduction during the {E}uropean colonizations and the transatlantic slave trade. {O}ther evidence-archeological and genetic-suggests a much older origin. {W}e collected and analyzed {P}. falciparum isolates from different regions of the world, encompassing the distribution range of the parasite, including populations from sub-{S}aharan {A}frica, the {M}iddle {E}ast, {S}outheast {A}sia, and {S}outh {A}merica. {A}nalyses of microsatellite and {SNP} polymorphisms show that the populations of {P}. falciparum in {S}outh {A}merica are subdivided in two main genetic clusters (northern and southern). {P}hylogenetic analyses, as well as {A}pproximate {B}ayesian {C}omputation methods suggest independent introductions of the two clusters from {A}frican sources. {O}ur estimates of divergence time between the {S}outh {A}merican populations and their likely sources favor a likely introduction from {A}frica during the transatlantic slave trade.},
  keywords = {malaria origin ; {N}ew {W}orld ; human migrations ; genetic diversity ; {AMERIQUE} {LATINE} ; {AFRIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {109},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {511--516},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.1119058109},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010054311},
}