@article{fdi:010054307,
  title = {{I}nfluence of source distribution and geochemical composition of aerosols on children exposure in the large polymetallic mining region of the {B}olivian {A}ltiplano},
  author = {{G}oix, {S}. and {P}oint, {D}avid and {O}liva, {P}. and {P}olve, {M}. and {D}uprey, {J}ean-{L}ouis and {M}azurek, {H}ubert and {G}uislain, {L}udivine and {H}uayta, {C}. and {B}arbieri, {F}lavia and {G}ardon, {J}acques},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {B}olivian {A}ltiplano ({H}ighlands) region is subject to intense mining, tailing and smelting activities since centuries because of the presence of large and unique polymetallic ore deposits ({A}g, {A}u, {C}u, {P}b, {S}n, {S}b, {Z}n). {A} large scale {PM}(10), {P}m(2.5) aerosol monitoring survey was conducted during the dry season in one of the largest mining cities of this region ({O}ruro, 200,000 inhabitants). {A}erosol fractions, source distribution and transport were investigated for 23 elements at approximately 1 km(2) scale resolution, and compared to children exposure data obtained within the same geographical space. {A}s, {C}d, {P}b, {S}b, {W} and {Z}n in aerosols are present at relatively high concentrations when compared to studies from other mining regions. {A}rsenic exceeds the {E}uropean council {PM}(10) guide value (6 ng/m(3)) for 90% of the samples, topping 200 ng/m(3). {A}g, {A}s, {C}d, {C}u, {P}b and {S}b are present at significantly higher levels in the district located in the vicinity of the smelter zone. {A}t the city level, principal component analysis combined with the mapping of factor scores allowed the identification and deconvolution of four individual sources: i) a natural magmatic source ({C}o, {C}s, {F}e, {K}. {M}n, {N}a, {R}b and {U}) originating from soil dust, resuspended by the traffic activity; ii) a natural sedimentary source ({M}g, {C}a, {S}r, {B}a and {T}h) resulting from the suspension of evaporative salt deposits located {S}outh; iii) an anthropogenic source specifically enriched in mined elements ({A}s, {C}d, {C}u, {P}b, {S}b and {Z}n) mainly in the smelting district of the city; and iv) a {N}i-{C}r source homogenously distributed between the different city districts. {E}nrichment factors for {A}s, {C}d and {S}b clearly show the impact of smelting activities, particularly in the finest {PM}(2.5) fraction. {C}omparison to children's hair metal contents collected in five schools from different districts shows a direct exposure to smelting activity fingerprinted by a unique trace elements pattern ({A}g, {A}s, {C}u, {P}b, {S}b).},
  keywords = {{A}erosols ; {S}melting activities ; {M}ining activities ; {H}eavy metals ; {H}uman health ; {E}nrichment factors ; {BOLIVIE} ; {ANDES}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cience of the {T}otal {E}nvironment},
  volume = {412},
  numero = {},
  pages = {170--184},
  ISSN = {0048-9697},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.065},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010054307},
}