@article{fdi:010054240,
  title = {{E}xperimental evaluation of xenodiagnosis to detect trypanosomes at low parasitaemia levels in infected hosts},
  author = {{W}oumbou {T}oukam, {C}.{M}. and {S}olano, {P}hilippe and {B}engaly, {Z}. and {J}amonneau, {V}incent and {B}ucheton, {B}runo},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {H}uman {A}frican {T}rypanosornosis ({HAT}) endemic areas, there are a number of subjects that are positive to serological tests but in whom trypanosomes are difficult to detect with the available parasitological tests. {I}n most cases and particularly in {W}est {A}frica, these subjects remain untreated, thus posing a fundamental problem both at the individual level (because of a possible lethal evolution of the disease) and at the epidemiological level (since they are potential reservoirs of trypanosomes). {X}enodiagnosis may constitute an alternative for this type of cases. {T}he objective of this study was to update the use of xenodiagnosis to detect trypanosomes in infected host characterized by low parasitaemia levels. {T}his was carried out experimentally by infecting cattle and pigs with {T}rypanosoma congolense and {T} brucei gambiense respectively, and by feeding tsetse flies ({G}lossina morsitans submorsitans and {G}. palpalis gambiensis, from the {CIRDES} colonies) on these animals at a time when the observed blood parasitaemia were low or undetectable by the classical microscopic parasitological tests used for the monitoring of infected animals. {O}ur results showed that: i) the {G}. p. gambiensis colony at {CIRDES} could not be infected with the {T} b. gambiense stocks used; ii) midgut infections of {G}. m. submorsitans were observed with both {T} con golense and {T} b. gambiense; iii) xenodiagnosis remains positive even at very low blood parasitaemia for both {T} congolense and {T} b. gambiense; and iv) to implement {T} b. gambiense xenodiagnosis, batches of 20 {G}. m. submorsitans should be dissected two days after the infective meal. {T}hese results constitute a first step toward a possible implementation of xenodiagnosis to better characterize the parasitological status of seropositive individuals and the modalities of parasite transmission in {HAT} foci.},
  keywords = {xenodiagnosis ; experimental evaluation ; {HAT} ; tsetse ; trypanosome ; parasitaemia},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}arasite : {J}ournal de la {S}oci{\'e}t{\'e} {F}ran{\c{c}}aise de {P}arasitologie},
  volume = {18},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {295--302},
  ISSN = {1252-607{X}},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1051/parasite/2011184295},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010054240},
}