Mouillot D. auteur aut IRD Albouy C. auteur aut IRD Guilhaumon F. auteur aut IRD Lasram F. B. R. auteur aut IRD Coll M. auteur aut IRD Devictor V. auteur aut IRD Meynard C. N. auteur aut IRD Pauly D. auteur aut IRD Tomasini J. A. auteur aut IRD Troussellier Marc auteur aut IRD Velez L. auteur aut IRD Watson R. auteur aut IRD Douzery E. J. P. auteur aut IRD Mouquet N. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf born digital access The Mediterranean Sea (0.82% of the global oceanic surface) holds 4%-18% of all known marine species (similar to 17,000), with a high proportion of endemism [1, 2]. This exceptional biodiversity is under severe threats [1] but benefits from a system of 100 marine protected areas (MPAs). Surprisingly, the spatial congruence of fish biodiversity hot spots with this MPA system and the areas of high fishing pressure has not been assessed. Moreover, evolutionary and functional breadth of species assemblages [3] has been largely overlooked in marine systems. Here we adopted a multifaceted approach to biodiversity by considering the species richness of total, endemic, and threatened coastal fish assemblages as well as their functional and phylogenetic diversity. We show that these fish biodiversity components are spatially mismatched. The MPA system covers a small surface of the Mediterranean (0.4%) and is spatially congruent with the hot spots of all taxonomic components of fish diversity. However, it misses hot spots of functional and phylogenetic diversity. In addition, hot spots of endemic species richness and phylogenetic diversity are spatially congruent with hot spots of fishery impact. Our results highlight that future conservation strategies and assessment efficiency of current reserve systems will need to be revisited after de-constructing the different components of biodiversity. specialized 034 21 12 1044-1050 2011 0960-9822 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053981 10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.005 0960-9822 [F B010053981] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053981 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/depot/2011-12-07/010053981.pdf Accès réservé (Intranet de l'IRD) IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2011-08-03 2017-08-23 fdi:010053981 fre