Horizon 1 1 17 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES Malaria Journal 269 2011 fdi:010053882 ENG Malaria Journal 1475-2875 ISI:000295524800001 10.1186/1475-2875-10-269 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053882 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers17-02/010053882.pdf 10 Horizon (IRD) Background: The different taxa belonging to Anopheles gambiae complex display phenotypic differences that may impact their contribution to malaria transmission. More specifically, their susceptibility to infection, resulting from a co-evolution between parasite and vector, might be different. The aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility of M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis to infection by Plasmodium falciparum. Methods: F3 progenies of Anopheles gambiae s.l. collected in Senegal were infected, using direct membrane feeding, with P. falciparum gametocyte-containing blood sampled on volunteer patients. The presence of oocysts was determined by light microscopy after 7 days, and the presence of sporozoite by ELISA after 14 days. Mosquito species and molecular forms were identified by PCR. Results: The oocyst rate was significantly higher in the molecular S form (79.07%) than in the M form (57.81%, Fisher's exact test p < 0.001) and in Anopheles arabiensis (55.38%, Fisher's exact test vs. S group p < 0.001). Mean +/- s.e. m. number of oocyst was greater in the An. gambiae S form (1.72 +/- 0.26) than in the An. gambiae M form (0.64 +/- 0.04, p < 0.0001) and in the An. arabiensis group (0.58 +/- 0.04, vs. S group, p < 0.0001). Sporozoite rate was also higher in the molecular form S (83.52%) than in form M (50.98%, Fisher's exact test p < 0.001) and Anopheles arabiensis 50.85%, Fisher's exact test vs. S group p < 0.001). Conclusion: Infected in the same experimental conditions, the molecular form S of An. gambiae is more susceptible to infection by P. falciparum than the molecular form M of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. 052 UR198 / UR224 Burkina Faso / Sénégal