@article{fdi:010053658,
  title = {{H}ydrological processes of a rainforest headwater swamp from natural chemical tracing in {N}simi watershed, {C}ameroon},
  author = {{M}ar{\'e}chal, {J}ean-{C}hristophe and {B}raun, {J}ean-{J}acques and {R}iotte, {J}ean and {B}edimo, {J}.{P}.{B}. and {B}oeglin, {J}ean-{L}oup},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he hydrological role of a headwater swamp in a tropical rainforest is studied using chloride mass balance ({CMB}) and end-member mixing analysis. {T}here are three main contributions to streamflow: (1) the hillside bedrock aquifer, (2) overland flow from the swamp during storm events and (3) groundwater flow from the swamp aquifer. {B}efore rainfall events of the wet season, the pre-event water comprises a mix of 80% of bedrock aquifer and 20% of swamp aquifer. {D}uring storms, the relative contribution of overland flow increases according to the rainfall intensity and the initial saturation rate of the pre-event water reservoirs. {T}he yearly contribution of overland flow from the swamp to the stream is about 31%. {T}he relationship between the swamp and the stream fluctuates with space and time. {G}enerally, the swamp is drained by the stream; however, at the end of long dry seasons, after the first rains, indirect recharge occurs from the stream to the swamp with a hydraulic gradient inversion in the swamp aquifer. {T}he net contribution of the swamp aquifer to the stream is only 4%, which is much lower than the hillside aquifer contribution of about 65%. {R}echarge on the swamp being very low, these results suggest that, except for a few storms at the end of the dry season, the {N}simi swamp does not contribute to flood attenuation. {E}vapotranspiration is higher on the hillside than in the swamp. {N}evertheless, depletion of water stored within the swamp is dominated by evaporation rather than by its contribution to streamflow. {T}he export of solutes through swamp groundwater flow below the weir is low (< 7%). {N}evertheless, the swamp is the most active area of weathering in the watershed. {C}opyright.},
  keywords = {chloride mass balance ; {EMMA} ; wetland ; evapotranspiration ; streamflow ; low flow ; groundwater recharge},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{H}ydrological {P}rocesses},
  volume = {25},
  numero = {14},
  pages = {2246--2260},
  ISSN = {0885-6087},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1002/hyp.7989},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053658},
}