@article{fdi:010053604,
  title = {{ENSO} regimes : reinterpreting the canonical and {M}odoki {E}l {N}ino},
  author = {{T}akahashi, {K}. and {M}ontecinos, {A}. and {G}oubanova, {K}. and {D}ewitte, {B}oris},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e propose that the first two empirical orthogonal function ({EOF}) modes of tropical {P}acific sea surface temperature ({SST}) anomalies do not describe different phenomena (i.e., {E}l {N}ino-{S}outhern {O}scillation ({ENSO}) and "{E}l {N}ino {M}odoki") but rather the nonlinear evolution of {ENSO}. {W}e introduce two new uncorrelated indices ({E} and {C}), based on the leading {EOF}s, that respectively account for extreme warm events in the eastern and cold/moderate warm events in the central equatorial {P}acific, corresponding to regimes with different evolution. {R}ecent trends in {ENSO} can be described as an increase in the central {P}acific ({C}) variability that is associated with stronger cold events, as well as a reduction in the eastern {P}acific ({E}) variability within the cold/moderate warm regime, consistent with model projections. {H}owever, little can be said observationally with respect to the extreme warm regime.},
  keywords = {{PACIFIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}eophysical {R}esearch {L}etters},
  volume = {38},
  numero = {},
  pages = {{L}10704},
  ISSN = {0094-8276},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1029/2011gl047364},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053604},
}