@article{fdi:010053490,
  title = {{P}hylogeny and divergence times of {B}actridinae ({A}recaceae, {P}almae) based on plastid and nuclear {DNA} sequences},
  author = {{E}iserhardt, {W}. {L}. and {P}intaud, {J}ean-{C}hristophe and {A}smussen-{L}ange, {C}. and {H}ahn, {W}. {J}. and {B}ernal, {R}. and {B}alslev, {H}. and {B}orchsenius, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}actridinae include about 150 species of spiny {N}eotropical palms in five genera that are ecologically important in several vegetation types such as open woodland ({A}crocomia), lowland rainforest ({A}strocaryum, {B}actris), and montane forest ({A}iphanes). {T}he subtribe also includes the only exclusively lianescent palm genus in the {N}eotropics ({D}esmoncus). {W}e present a fully resolved molecular phylogeny of 41 species of {B}actridinae, representing all genera as well as most of the currently accepted infrageneric taxa (subgenera, sections etc.) and recently proposed informal groups. {A}nalyses are based on five plastid {DNA} regions (mat{K}, trn{Q}-rps16, rps16 intron, trn{D}-trn{T}, trn{L}-trn{F}) and three nuclear markers ({PR} {K}, {RPB}2, {ITS}). {A} combined dataset was analysed with likelihood and parsimony methods. {T}he results show that all accepted taxa at and above the generic level are monophyletic with high support. {A}strocaryum alatum and {A}. mexicanum, recently segregated into a genus of their own ({H}exopetion), form a strongly supported monophyletic group sister to the remaining {A}strocaryum species. {D}esmoncus and {A}crocomia are resolved as sister genera, and together they are sister to the remaining {B}actridinae. {T}his finding contrasts with that of two previous studies reporting {A}crocomia to be sister to the rest of the subtribe. {A}iphanes is resolved as sister to {B}actris and {A}strocaryum. {S}pecies-level relationships recovered within {A}strocaryum and {B}actris disagree to a large extent with previous morphology-based infrageneric classifications, suggesting that those characters are homoplasious, particularly within {B}actris. {A} {B}ayesian dating analysis using the relaxed-clock model indicates that most genera of {B}actridinae diverged during a relatively short period around the {E}ocene-{O}ligocene boundary, which might explain the difficulties in resolving the phylogenetic backbone of the group. {T}he mostly {A}ndean genus {A}iphanes shows an initial radiation of early lineages in the {O}ligocene (around 25 {M}a ago) corresponding to an early uplift phase of the cordillera. {T}hese taxa are nowadays restricted to the mountain forests of {C}olombia and {E}cuador. {T}he main diversification of {A}ndean {A}iphanes began in the {M}iocene (around 11 {M}a ago). {T}his study provides the first substantial insight into {B}actridinae phylogeny and sets the stage for more comprehensively sampled species-level studies analysing drivers of diversity of {N}eotropical palms, speciation patterns, character evolution, or biogeography.},
  keywords = {{A}iphanes ; {A}recaceae ; {A}strocaryum ; {B}actris ; molecular phylogeny ; relaxed-clock dating},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{T}axon},
  volume = {60},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {485--498},
  ISSN = {0040-0262},
  year = {2011},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053490},
}