@article{fdi:010053471,
  title = {{P}lio-{P}leistocene sea level and temperature fluctuations in the northwestern {P}acific promoted speciation in the globally-distributed flathead mullet {M}ugil cephalus},
  author = {{S}hen, {K}. {N}. and {J}amandre, {B}. {W}. and {H}su, {C}. {C}. and {T}zeng, {W}. {N}. and {D}urand, {J}ean-{D}ominique},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {T}he study of speciation in the marine realm is challenging because of the apparent absence of physical barriers to dispersal, which are one of the main drivers of genetic diversity. {A}lthough phylogeographic studies using mitochondrial {DNA} (mt{DNA}) information often reveal significant genetic heterogeneity within marine species, the evolutionary significance of such diversity is difficult to interpret with these markers. {I}n the northwestern ({NW}) {P}acific, several studies have emphasised the potential importance of sea-level regression during the most recent glaciations as a driver of genetic diversity in marine species. {T}hese studies have failed, however, to determine whether the period of isolation was long enough for divergence to attain speciation. {A}mong these marine species, the cosmopolitan estuarine-dependent fish {M}ugil cephalus represents an interesting case study. {S}everal divergent allopatric mt{DNA} lineages have been described in this species worldwide, and three occur in sympatry in the {NW} {P}acific. {R}esults: {T}en nuclear microsatellites were surveyed to estimate the level of genetic isolation of these lineages and determine the role of sea-level fluctuation in the evolution of {NW} {P}acific {M}. cephalus. {T}hree cryptic species of {M}. cephalus were identified within this region ({NWP}1, 2 and 3) using an assignment test on the microsatellite data. {E}ach species corresponds with one of the three mt{DNA} lineages in the {COI} phylogenetic tree. {NWP}3 is the most divergent species, with a distribution range that suggests tropical affinities, while {NWP}1, with a northward distribution from {T}aiwan to {R}ussia, is a temperate species. {NWP}2 is distributed along the warm {K}uroshio {C}urrent. {T}he divergence of {NWP}1 from {NWP}2 dates back to the {P}leistocene epoch and probably corresponds to the separation of the {J}apan and {C}hina {S}eas when sea levels dropped. {D}espite their subsequent range expansion since this period of glaciation, no gene flow was observed among these three lineages, indicating that speciation has been achieved. {C}onclusions: {T}his study successfully identified three cryptic species in {M}. cephalus inhabiting the {NW} {P}acific, using a combination of microsatellites and mitochondrial genetic markers. {T}he current genetic architecture of the {M}. cephalus species complex in the {NW} {P}acific is the result of a complex interaction of contemporary processes and historical events. {S}ea level and temperature fluctuations during {P}lio-{P}leistocene epochs probably played a major role in creating the marine species diversity of the {NW} {P}acific that is found today.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}mc {E}volutionary {B}iology},
  volume = {11},
  numero = {},
  pages = {83},
  ISSN = {1471-2148},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1186/1471-2148-11-83},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053471},
}