@article{fdi:010053420,
  title = {{H}umoral response to the {A}nopheles gambiae salivary protein g{SG}6 : a serological indicator of exposure to afrotropical malaria vectors},
  author = {{R}izzo, {C}. and {R}onca, {R}. and {F}iorentino, {G}. and {V}erra, {F}. and {M}angano, {V}. and {P}oinsignon, {A}nne and {S}irima, {S}. {B}. and {N}ebie, {I}. and {L}ombardo, {F}. and {R}emou{\'e}, {F}ranck and {C}oluzzi, {M}. and {P}etrarca, {V}. and {M}odiano, {D}. and {A}rca, {B}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}alivary proteins injected by blood feeding arthropods into their hosts evoke a saliva-specific humoral response which can be useful to evaluate exposure to bites of disease vectors. {H}owever, saliva of hematophagous arthropods is a complex cocktail of bioactive factors and its use in immunoassays can be misleading because of potential cross-reactivity to other antigens. {T}oward the development of a serological marker of exposure to {A}frotropical malaria vectors we expressed the {A}nopheles gambiae g{SG}6, a small anopheline-specific salivary protein, and we measured the anti-g{SG}6 {I}g{G} response in individuals from a malaria hyperendemic area of {B}urkina {F}aso, {W}est {A}frica. {T}he g{SG}6 protein was immunogenic and anti-g{SG}6 {I}g{G} levels and/or prevalence increased in exposed individuals during the malaria transmission/rainy season. {M}oreover, this response dropped during the intervening low transmission/dry season, suggesting it is sensitive enough to detect variation in vector density. {M}embers of the {F}ulani ethnic group showed higher anti-g{SG}6 {I}g{G} response as compared to {M}ossi, a result consistent with the stronger immune reactivity reported in this group. {R}emarkably, anti-g{SG}6 {I}g{G} levels among responders were high in children and gradually declined with age. {T}his unusual pattern, opposite to the one observed with {P}lasmodium antigens, is compatible with a progressive desensitization to mosquito saliva and may be linked to the continued exposure to bites of anopheline mosquitoes. {O}verall, the humoral anti-g{SG}6 {I}g{G} response appears a reliable serological indicator of exposure to bites of the main {A}frican malaria vectors ({A}n. gambiae, {A}nopheles arabiensis and, possibly, {A}nopheles funestus) and it may be exploited for malaria epidemiological studies, development of risk maps and evaluation of anti-vector measures. {I}n addition, the g{SG}6 protein may represent a powerful model system to get a deeper understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the immune tolerance and progressive desensitization to insect salivary allergens.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {e17980},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0017980},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053420},
}