@article{fdi:010053361,
  title = {{T}hree-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging for groundwater},
  author = {{L}egchenko, {A}natoli and {D}escloitres, {M}arc and {V}incent, {C}. and {G}uyard, {H}{\'e}l{\`e}ne and {G}arambois, {S}. and {C}halikakis, {K}. and {E}zersky, {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he surface nuclear magnetic resonance method ({SNMR}) is an established geophysical tool routinely used for investigating one-dimensional (1{D}) and sometimes 2{D} subsurface water-saturated formations. {W}e have expanded the tool by developing a 3{D} application. 3{D}-{SNMR} is a large-scale method that allows magnetic resonance imaging of groundwater down to about 80 m. {S}imilar to most surface geophysical methods, 3{D}-{SNMR} has limited resolution, but it is effective for investigating water-saturated geological formations larger than several tens of meters. {B}ecause the performance of the method depends on variable survey conditions, we cannot estimate it in general. {F}or demonstration purposes, we present an example of numerical modeling under fixed conditions. {R}esults show that under certain conditions it is possible to detect a water volume as small as 500 m(3) and the detection threshold depends on the ambient electromagnetic noise magnitude and on the location of the target volume relative to the {SNMR} loops. {T}he 3{D}-{SNMR} method was used to investigate accumulated water within the {T}ete {R}ousse glacier ({F}rench {A}lps). {I}nversion of the field measurements made it possible to locate the principal reservoir in the central part of the glacier and estimate the volume of accumulated water. {T}hese results were verified by 20 boreholes installed after the 3{D}-{SNMR} results were obtained and by pumping water out of the glacier. {V}ery good correspondence between the 3{D}-{SNMR} and borehole results was observed.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{N}ew {J}ournal of {P}hysics},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {},
  pages = {025022},
  ISSN = {1367-2630},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1088/1367-2630/13/2/025022},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053361},
}