@article{fdi:010053109,
  title = {{C}omparative phylogeography of two {A}frican carnivorans presumably introduced into {E}urope : disentangling natural versus human-mediated dispersal across the {S}trait of {G}ibraltar},
  author = {{G}aubert, {P}hilippe and {M}achordom, {A}. and {M}orales, {A}. and {L}opez-{B}ao, {J}. {V}. and {V}eron, {G}. and {A}min, {M}. and {B}arros, {T}. and {B}asuony, {M}. and {D}jagoun, {C}. {A}. {M}. {S}. and {S}an, {E}. {D}. and {F}onseca, {C}. and {G}effen, {E}. and {O}zkurt, {S}. {O}. and {C}ruaud, {C}. and {C}ouloux, {A}. and {P}alomares, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}im {N}atural processes of colonization and human-mediated introductions have shaped current patterns of biodiversity in the {M}editerranean {B}asin. {W}e use a comparative phylogeographic approach to investigate the genetic structure of {H}erpestes ichneumon and {G}enetta genetta ({C}arnivora) across the {S}trait of {G}ibraltar, and test for their supposedly contemporaneous introduction into {I}beria. {L}ocation {M}editerranean {B}asin and {A}frica. {M}ethods {W}e sequenced two mitochondrial fragments (cytochrome b and control region) of 91 ({H}. ichneumon) and 185 ({G}. genetta) individuals, including the sole archaeological record of {G}. genetta in {I}beria, dating from the {M}uslim occupation. {W}e used phylogenetic and tokogenetic methods, summary statistics, neutrality tests, geographic-genetic pairwise comparisons and coalescent estimates to explore the history of the two species in the {M}editerranean {B}asin. {R}esults {I}n {N}orth {A}frica, an autochthonous ({C}lade {I}) and a western {A}frican mt{DNA} clade, coalescing in the {M}iddle to {L}ate {P}leistocene, co-occurred in both species. {O}nly {C}lade {I} was present in {E}urope. {I}n {H}. ichneumon, the {E}uropean pool showed deep coalescence (median = 335 kyr) and high genetic differentiation and diversity compared with its {N}orth {A}frican counterpart, suggesting long-term stability of female effective population size. {I}n sharp contrast, {G}. genetta in {E}urope exhibited lower genetic diversity, weak differentiation with {N}orth {A}frica and recent demographic expansion; however, {A}ndalusia and {C}atalonia ({S}pain) showed distinctly higher genetic diversity, and the archaeological specimen had the predominant {E}uropean haplotype. {M}ain conclusions {T}he co-occurrence of autochthonous and sub-{S}aharan lineages in {N}orth {A}frica (1) supports a new, emerging biogeographic scenario in {N}orth {A}frica, and (2) suggests a connection through the {S}ahara, possibly from the {M}iddle {P}leistocene onwards. {O}ur results refute the idea that {H}. ichneumon was introduced into {E}urope contemporaneously with {G}. genetta. {I}nstead, they support a scenario of sweepstake dispersal during {L}ate {P}leistocene sea-level fluctuations, followed by long-term in situ evolution throughout the last glaciation cycles. {G}enetta genetta appears to have undergone a recent spread from at least two independent introduction 'hotspots' in {C}atalonia and {A}ndalusia, possibly following antique trade routes and/or {M}uslim invasions. {D}espite their contrasting histories, the {E}uropean gene pools of both species represent unusual cases leading to the preservation of autochthonous, {N}orth {A}frican lineages.},
  keywords = {{A}ncient {DNA} ; coalescence ; comparative phylogeography ; {G}enetta genetta ; {H}erpestes ichneumon ; introduction ; {M}editerranean {B}asin ; mitochondrial ; {DNA} ; {N}orth {A}frica ; transmarine dispersal},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {B}iogeography},
  volume = {38},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {341--358},
  ISSN = {0305-0270},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02406.x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053109},
}