@article{fdi:010053033,
  title = {{A}daptive divergence between incipient species of {A}nopheles gambiae increases resistance to {P}lasmodium},
  author = {{W}hite, {B}. {J}. and {L}awniczak, {M}. {K}. {N}. and {C}heng, {C}. {D}. and {C}oulibaly, {M}. {B}. and {W}ilson, {M}. {D}. and {S}agnon, {N}. and {C}ostantini, {C}arlo and {S}imard, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {C}hristophides, {G}. {K}. and {B}esansky, {N}. {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {A}frican malaria mosquito {A}nopheles gambiae is diversifying into ecotypes known as {M} and {S} forms. {T}his process is thought to be promoted by adaptation to different larval habitats, but its genetic underpinnings remain elusive. {T}o identify candidate targets of divergent natural selection in {M} and {S}, we performed genome-wide scanning in paired population samples from {M}ali, followed by resequencing and genotyping from five locations in {W}est, {C}entral, and {E}ast {A}frica. {G}enome scans revealed a significant peak of {M}-{S} divergence on chromosome 3{L}, overlapping five known or suspected immune response genes. {R}esequencing implicated a selective target at or near the {TEP}1 gene, whose complement {C}3-like product has antiparasitic and antibacterial activity. {S}equencing and allele-specific genotyping showed that an allelic variant of {TEP}1 has been swept to fixation in {M} samples from {M}ali and {B}urkina {F}aso and is spreading into neighboring {G}hana, but is absent from {M} sampled in {C}ameroon, and from all sampled {S} populations. {S}equence comparison demonstrates that this allele is related to, but distinct from, {TEP}1 alleles of known resistance phenotype. {E}xperimental parasite infections of advanced mosquito intercrosses demonstrated a strong association between this {TEP}1 variant and resistance to both rodent malaria and the native human malaria parasite {P}lasmodium falciparum. {A}lthough malaria parasites may not be direct agents of pathogen-mediated selection at {TEP}1 in nature-where larvae may be the more vulnerable life stage-the process of adaptive divergence between {M} and {S} has potential consequences for malaria transmission.},
  keywords = {ecological speciation ; malaria vector ; population genomics ; thioester ; immune gene},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {108},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {244--249},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.1013648108},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053033},
}