@article{fdi:010052964,
  title = {{F}ossil evidence for evolution of the shape and color of penguin feathers},
  author = {{C}larke, {J}.{A}. and {K}sepka, {D}.{T}. and {S}alas-{G}ismondi, {R}. and {A}ltamirano, {A}. {J}. and {S}hawkey, {M}.{D}. and {D}'{A}lba, {L}. and {V}inther, {J}. and {D}e {V}ries, {T}.{J}. and {B}aby, {P}atrice},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}enguin feathers are highly modified in form and function, but there have been no fossils to inform their evolution. {A} giant penguin with feathers was recovered from the late {E}ocene (similar to 36 million years ago) of {P}eru. {T}he fossil reveals that key feathering features, including undifferentiated primary wing feathers and broad body contour feather shafts, evolved early in the penguin lineage. {A}nalyses of fossilized color-imparting melanosomes reveal that their dimensions were similar to those of non-penguin avian taxa and that the feathering may have been predominantly gray and reddish-brown. {I}n contrast, the dark black-brown color of extant penguin feathers is generated by large, ellipsoidal melanosomes previously unknown for birds. {T}he nanostructure of penguin feathers was thus modified after earlier macrostructural modifications of feather shape linked to aquatic flight.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cience},
  volume = {330},
  numero = {6006},
  pages = {954--957},
  ISSN = {0036-8075},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1126/science.1193604},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010052964},
}