@article{fdi:010052841,
  title = {{S}patial heterogeneity and temporal evolution of malaria transmission risk in {D}akar, {S}enegal, according to remotely sensed environmental data},
  author = {{M}achault, {V}. and {V}ignolles, {C}. and {P}ag{\`e}s, {F}. and {G}adiaga, {L}ibasse and {G}aye, {A}bdoulaye and {S}okhna, {C}heikh and {T}rape, {J}ean-{F}rancois and {L}acaux, {J}. {P}. and {R}ogier, {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {T}he {U}nited {N}ations forecasts that by 2050, more than 60% of the {A}frican population will live in cities. {T}hus, urban malaria is considered an important emerging health problem in that continent. {R}emote sensing ({RS}) and geographic information systems ({GIS}) are useful tools for addressing the challenge of assessing, understanding and spatially focusing malaria control activities. {T}he objectives of the present study were to use high spatial resolution {SPOT} ({S}atellite {P}our l'{O}bservation de la {T}erre) satellite images to identify some urban environmental factors in {D}akar associated with {A}nopheles arabiensis densities, to assess the persistence of these associations and to describe spatial changes in at-risk environments using a decadal time scale. {M}ethods: {T}wo {SPOT} images from the 1996 and 2007 rainy seasons in {D}akar were processed to extract environmental factors, using supervised classification of land use and land cover, and a calculation of {NDVI} ({N}ormalized {D}ifference {V}egetation {I}ndex) and distance to vegetation. {L}inear regressions were fitted to identify the ecological factors associated with {A}n. arabiensis aggressiveness measured in 1994-97 in the {S}outh and centre districts of {D}akar. {R}isk maps for populated areas were computed and compared for 1996 and 2007 using the results of the statistical models. {R}esults: {A}lmost 60% of the variability in anopheline aggressiveness measured in 1994-97 was explained with only one variable: the built-up area in a 300-m radius buffer around the catching points. {T}his association remained stable between 1996 and 2007. {R}isk maps were drawn by inverting the statistical association. {T}he total increase of the built-up areas in {D}akar was about 30% between 1996 and 2007. {I}n proportion to the total population of the city, the population at high risk for malaria fell from 32% to 20%, whereas the low-risk population rose from 29 to 41%. {C}onclusions: {E}nvironmental data retrieved from high spatial resolution {SPOT} satellite images were associated with {A}n. arabiensis densities in {D}akar urban setting, which allowed to generate malaria transmission risk maps. {T}he evolution of the risk was quantified, and the results indicated there are benefits of urbanization in {D}akar, since the proportion of the low risk population increased while urbanization progressed.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {},
  pages = {252},
  ISSN = {1475-2875},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1186/1475-2875-9-252},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010052841},
}